Pakistan has warned that its newly signed defence agreement with Saudi Arabia and Türkiye could become operational if Houthi attacks on the kingdom continue or the conflict in Yemen spills further into Saudi territory.

Defence Minister Khawaja Asif said Islamabad was bound by the terms of the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement and would honour its commitments if Saudi Arabia faced aggression. His remarks came after a major Houthi missile and drone assault on southern Saudi Arabia left 73 people injured and targeted energy and military infrastructure.

Pakistan Signals Collective Defence Response

Speaking to Pakistani media, Asif said there should be no ambiguity about Pakistan's obligations under the agreement.

He said that unprovoked aggression against a member state, or a spillover of the Yemen conflict into Saudi Arabia, could make the pact operational. Pakistan's defence minister also stressed that Islamabad would act according to the agreement's terms if such a situation arose.

The warning marks a significant development because the three-country defence agreement was signed only last month and is now being tested by an escalating regional conflict.

Makkah Agreement Treats Attack on One as Attack on All

Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye signed the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement on August 7, committing to strengthen collective deterrence and defence cooperation.

According to Pakistan's official account of the agreement, an armed attack against any one of the three countries is to be regarded as an attack against all three. The pact also calls for enhanced cooperation across defence-related areas.

The exact military mechanisms for implementing the agreement, however, have not been publicly detailed.

Houthi Attacks Hit Saudi Energy and Military Sites

The warning from Islamabad followed a coordinated Houthi attack on September 8 that targeted several locations in southern Saudi Arabia.

The Iran-aligned Yemeni group attacked areas including Abha, Khamis Mushait, Najran and Jazan. Saudi authorities said 73 people were injured, while fires and operational disruptions were reported at energy facilities. Targets included installations associated with Saudi oil giant Aramco and an air base.

The attacks represent one of the most serious recent escalations between the Houthis and Saudi Arabia, after years of relative calm following the UN-backed truce that reduced large-scale fighting in Yemen in 2022.

Pakistan Condemns Houthi Strikes

Islamabad has already publicly condemned the attacks.

Pakistan's Foreign Ministry described the strikes on civilian and economic targets in Abha, Khamis Mushait, Jazan and Najran as a violation of Saudi Arabia's sovereignty and territorial integrity.

It also reiterated Pakistan's support for Saudi Arabia's right under international law to defend its territory, citizens and national assets.

However, Pakistan's position also reflects an effort to avoid being drawn unnecessarily into a wider regional conflict. Reuters reported that Islamabad has warned Iran to rein in the Houthis while emphasising that Pakistan's role under the defence arrangement is focused on protecting Saudi territory.

Yemen Conflict Raises Wider Regional Risks

The renewed fighting is unfolding against the backdrop of a much broader Middle East crisis involving Iran, the United States and other regional actors.

The Houthis have also threatened Saudi shipping and increased pressure around the Red Sea, while the Bab al-Mandeb Strait remains a strategically important route connecting the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden.

Any sustained disruption could have consequences beyond Yemen and Saudi Arabia, particularly for energy markets and international shipping. Recent Houthi attacks on Saudi energy infrastructure have already contributed to concerns over regional oil supplies.

What Happens Next?

For now, Pakistan has not announced that it is deploying forces to Saudi Arabia. Asif's comments amount to a warning that the collective-defence provisions could be activated if the conflict crosses the threshold outlined by the agreement.

That distinction is important. The Makkah pact creates a framework for collective security, but the circumstances and operational steps that would follow an attack have not been publicly set out in detail.

With Houthi attacks and Saudi military responses escalating, the immediate concern is whether the conflict remains contained within the existing Yemen-Saudi confrontation or develops into a wider regional military crisis involving Pakistan and Türkiye.

Yemen’s Houthi group has claimed responsibility for a drone attack targeting an Aramco facility in Saudi Arabia’s Najran, saying the strike was carried out in response to what it described as a violation of Yemeni airspace by Saudi military aircraft.

The claim was reported by the Houthi-run SABA news agency, which cited a Houthi military source. However, there was no immediate independent confirmation from Saudi authorities or Saudi Aramco regarding the alleged attack.

Houthis Cite Airspace Violation

According to the Houthi military source quoted by SABA, Saudi military aircraft allegedly entered Yemeni airspace over the northeastern part of Saada governorate.

The Houthi group described the alleged incident as a violation of Yemen’s sovereignty and said the reported drone operation was carried out in retaliation.

The group did not provide detailed information about the alleged Saudi aircraft activity or explain whether any prior military engagement had taken place.

Aramco Facility Targeted

The Houthis claimed that their drone targeted an Aramco facility in Najran, a Saudi city located close to the Yemen border.

The group did not disclose the type of drone reportedly used in the operation, the direction from which it was launched or other operational details.

It also did not provide evidence establishing whether the drone actually struck the facility.

At the time of the report, it remained unclear whether the alleged attack caused any damage, casualties or disruption to energy operations.

No Immediate Saudi Confirmation

Saudi authorities had not immediately confirmed the Houthi claim.

There was also no immediate statement from Saudi Aramco regarding an attack on one of its facilities in Najran.

The absence of an independent confirmation means key details of the reported incident, including whether a drone reached the facility and whether any damage occurred, remain unclear.

Rising Regional Tensions

The reported claim comes against the backdrop of continuing tensions between the Houthi movement and Saudi Arabia, with Yemen's conflict having wider implications for security across the Arabian Peninsula.

The Houthis, who control large parts of northern Yemen including the capital Sanaa, have previously carried out drone and missile operations against targets in Saudi Arabia.

The group has also become a major regional security actor following its attacks on shipping in and around the Red Sea, linking its military actions to the wider conflict in the Middle East.

Energy Infrastructure Remains Sensitive

Any confirmed attack on an Aramco facility would carry wider significance because Saudi Arabia is one of the world's largest oil producers and Aramco operates critical energy infrastructure across the kingdom.

Saudi energy facilities have previously been targeted by drones and missiles, raising concerns about the vulnerability of regional oil infrastructure and global energy supplies.

However, there was no immediate evidence in the reported claim that Saudi oil production or exports had been affected.

Details Await Independent Verification

For now, the reported drone strike remains a Houthi claim that has not been independently verified.

Further information from Saudi authorities, Saudi Aramco or other independent sources would be required to establish whether the alleged attack took place, whether the Aramco facility was actually hit and whether it resulted in casualties or material damage.

The incident, if confirmed, could add to concerns over renewed military tensions along the Saudi-Yemeni border and the broader security situation in the region.

Amid rising tensions in West Asia, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has condemned recent missile attacks by Yemen's Houthi rebels against Saudi Arabia and attacks targeting commercial vessels in the Red Sea.

Following an emergency meeting on Friday, Security Council members expressed concern over the worsening security situation in Yemen and warned that continued escalation could threaten regional stability and international peace and security.

Saudi Arabia Missile Attacks

The UNSC said Houthi forces had launched missile attacks against Saudi Arabia since July 13. The Council also condemned attacks on commercial vessels since July 22.

Members of the Security Council urged the Houthis to avoid further escalation and called for existing dialogue channels to be used to address concerns and reduce tensions.

The attacks on commercial shipping in the Red Sea have raised fresh concerns over maritime security and international trade. The waterway is a major route for global shipping, and prolonged instability could disrupt regional as well as international commerce.

Support for Yemen’s Sovereignty

The Security Council reaffirmed its strong commitment to Yemen's sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity.

The Council stressed that Yemen's sovereignty over its territory and airspace must be respected. It also called on all parties to comply with international law and relevant UN Security Council resolutions.

The statement comes amid growing concerns over military activity and competing claims of authority in Yemen.

Concern Over Airport Landings

The UNSC also condemned what it described as unauthorised aircraft landings at Yemeni airports.

According to the Council, aircraft landed at Sana'a International Airport on July 3 and Hudaydah Airport on July 13without permission or clearance from the Yemeni government.

The Security Council said such landings violated international civil aviation rules.

It emphasised that flights operating to Yemeni airports should be coordinated with the Yemeni government and receive prior authorisation.

Focus on Humanitarian Access

The Council also highlighted the need for safe, secure and sustainable air access to Yemen for humanitarian and civilian purposes.

It said humanitarian and civilian flights should be coordinated with the Yemeni government and conducted in accordance with international law and applicable civil aviation regulations.

The UNSC stressed that efforts to address Yemen's security crisis should also take into account the needs of civilians and humanitarian organisations.

Reference to Resolution 2216

The Security Council reminded all parties of their obligations under international law and relevant UN resolutions, including Resolution 2216, adopted in 2015.

The resolution includes restrictions on the supply, sale or transfer of arms and related military assistance to individuals and entities designated by the Security Council's 2140 Sanctions Committee, including the Houthis.

The Council urged all sides to comply with the existing sanctions framework and avoid actions that could further destabilise Yemen.

UN Peace Efforts

The UNSC also reiterated its support for UN Special Envoy for Yemen Hans Grundberg and his efforts to find a political solution to the conflict.

The Council backed a negotiated, inclusive and Yemeni-led and Yemeni-owned political settlement, based on agreed references and relevant Security Council resolutions.

The latest developments have heightened concerns over regional security and freedom of navigation, particularly around the Red Sea.

The Security Council urged restraint and called on the Houthis and other concerned parties to avoid further escalation and use dialogue to resolve outstanding issues.

The Council warned that continued military escalation could undermine ongoing peace efforts in Yemen and create wider security risks across the region.

At least 10 people have been killed in intensified Houthi attacks on Yemen's strategic Marib province, according to Yemeni officials and military sources, as fighting escalates and the United Nations warns of a growing risk of renewed large-scale conflict.

The latest violence comes after a fragile 2022 truce between the Iran-backed Houthis and Yemen's Saudi-supported government effectively unravelled last month. The renewed fighting has raised fears that Yemen could once again slide into a broader conflict after years of relative calm along several front lines.

On Thursday, at least 58 government troops were killed in Houthi missile attacks in and around Marib province, according to an army source cited by AFP.

UN Warns of Wider Conflict

UN Special Envoy for Yemen Hans Grundberg warned that the country is facing an increasingly dangerous situation.

"Today faces a greater risk of renewed large-scale conflict than at any point since the UN-brokered truce of April 2022," Grundberg said in a statement.

Against the backdrop of the wider confrontation between the United States and Iran, the UN envoy urged both sides to exercise restraint and return to what he described as good-faith negotiations.

The warning comes as the Houthis, who are backed by Iran, have stepped up military activity against forces aligned with Yemen's internationally recognised government.

Civilians Among Those Killed

A Yemeni military source told AFP that the latest Houthi attacks killed eight members of government forces and wounded 12 others.

Yemen's Health Minister Qasim Buhaibeh separately said Houthi shelling had struck residential neighbourhoods and displacement camps in Marib city.

According to an initial toll cited by the minister, two civilians were killed and 14 others wounded.

The attacks have therefore raised fresh concerns over the safety of civilians and displaced people living in areas close to the front lines.

Houthis Claim Military Targets

The Houthis said their latest strikes targeted a government military camp in Marib province.

Houthi military spokesman Yahya Saree claimed that Saudi-backed forces had been mobilising in the area and said the group's fighters had targeted the Sahn al-Jinn camp.

According to a Yemeni military source cited by AFP, the Houthis launched more than 10 missiles and seven one-way attack drones against military positions in Marib.

The source spoke anonymously because of the sensitivity of the military operations.

The Houthis have portrayed the attacks as a response to what they describe as a Saudi-backed military build-up in the province.

Saudi Coalition Issues Warning

A source close to the Saudi military said the Saudi-led coalition supporting Yemen's government since 2015 would not remain passive in the face of the latest Houthi attacks.

The source described Marib as a "red line" and warned that Saudi authorities would not accept a Houthi takeover of the province.

At the same time, the source said the coalition did not seek further escalation.

The statements indicate the possibility of a wider military response if the Houthis continue their offensive in the strategically important region.

Why Marib Matters

Marib is one of Yemen's most strategically important provinces because of its energy resources and location.

The province is divided between the Houthis and forces aligned with the Yemeni government. Government forces retain control of Marib city as well as key oil fields and energy facilities.

The Houthis launched a renewed offensive to capture the energy-rich province in 2021. However, fighting largely subsided following the 2022 truce.

The latest escalation threatens to reopen one of Yemen's most important battlefronts.

Truce Gives Way to Escalation

Yemen has been caught in a devastating conflict for more than a decade, with the Houthis controlling large parts of the country, including the capital, Sanaa.

The group's involvement in the broader US-Iran confrontation has further complicated the situation.

Last month, the Houthis welcomed an Iranian aircraft into Sanaa, triggering a series of retaliatory actions. The group subsequently announced a maritime blockade targeting Saudi Arabia and began attacking tankers, further increasing regional tensions.

Earlier last month, Houthi fighters also killed 16 soldiers in an attack on government-aligned forces south of the port city of Hodeidah, according to medical officials.

With fighting now intensifying around Marib, the UN's warning of a renewed large-scale conflict has added urgency to calls for restraint and a return to negotiations.

For Yemen, the latest escalation raises the prospect of another prolonged period of fighting, with civilians and displaced communities once again facing the greatest risks.

Yemen Condemns Attack on Indian Ship

Yemen's internationally recognised government has expressed solidarity with India after an Indian commercial cargo vessel was sunk in a Houthi attack in the Red Sea, describing the assault as a serious violation of international law and a threat to global maritime security.

In an official statement, Yemen's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates strongly condemned the attack on MSV Faize Noore Oliya, which was struck near the port city of Hodeidah while transiting the Red Sea on Tuesday.

According to the ministry, the vessel was targeted using an explosive-laden boat, causing it to sink completely.

First Known Attack on Indian Merchant Vessel

The incident marks the first reported attack on an Indian merchant vessel in the Red Sea since the conflict in the region escalated.

The development has heightened concerns over the security of one of the world's busiest maritime trade corridors, with experts warning that attacks are expanding beyond the Strait of Hormuz and increasingly threatening commercial shipping across the wider region.

The Red Sea serves as a vital route for international trade, carrying a significant share of global cargo and energy supplies.

All Crew Members Rescued

Yemen said it was working closely with Indian authorities following the incident and reaffirmed its commitment to providing all necessary assistance.

The ministry praised the rapid rescue operation conducted by the Yemeni Coast Guard, with support from the Yemeni Navy, which safely evacuated all 14 crew members, including 13 Indian nationals, and transported them to the Port of Mocha.

The successful rescue prevented casualties despite the vessel being completely lost in the attack.

Attack Called Violation of International Law

Describing the strike as a "flagrant violation" of international and maritime law, Yemen's Foreign Ministry said attacks on commercial shipping threaten the safety of navigation and undermine freedom of movement through international waterways.

The government accused the Houthi movement of carrying out repeated attacks on merchant vessels, ports, oil facilities and civilian infrastructure, arguing that such actions have worsened Yemen's humanitarian crisis while destabilising regional security.

The ministry also stressed the importance of protecting international shipping lanes from further attacks.

India Condemns Assault

The attack comes after India strongly condemned the sinking of the cargo vessel and reaffirmed its commitment to safeguarding Indian seafarers and maritime interests.

Indian authorities have been monitoring developments in the Red Sea closely amid growing security risks posed by attacks on commercial shipping.

The latest incident is expected to further intensify international concerns over maritime security as geopolitical tensions continue to affect key global trade routes.

The latest attacks by Yemen’s Houthi movement on Saudi oil tankers in the Red Sea have once again drawn international attention to the group’s growing military capabilities. Reports of missile and drone strikes on commercial vessels have heightened concerns over maritime security in one of the world's most important trade corridors, where billions of dollars worth of goods pass every year.

According to reports, the Houthis recently claimed responsibility for attacks on two Saudi oil tankers, identified as Encelia and Layla, near the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. Saudi authorities confirmed that Encelia sustained damage and caught fire after being struck. The incidents have forced several shipping companies to reconsider routes through the Red Sea, increasing concerns about global energy supplies and trade flows.

The attacks come at a time when tensions are already affecting navigation through the Strait of Hormuz, creating fears that two of the world's most critical maritime chokepoints could face simultaneous disruptions.

Red Sea Under Pressure

Stretching between northeast Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, the Red Sea serves as a major gateway connecting Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Thousands of vessels carrying crude oil, liquefied natural gas and manufactured goods transit through the region annually.

The Houthis control large parts of Yemen’s western coastline overlooking the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, giving them a strategic position from which they can target commercial and military vessels.

Following the latest attacks, maritime tracking data showed that several oil tankers altered their routes to avoid the increasingly contested waterway. Some vessels carrying Saudi crude reportedly reversed course instead of continuing toward the strait.

Security analysts warn that prolonged disruptions could increase shipping costs, delay cargo deliveries and affect global energy markets.

Missiles Form Core Capability

Military experts describe the Houthis as the first non-state armed group to operationally deploy anti-ship ballistic missiles during active conflicts.

Among the most significant weapons in their inventory are the Asef and Tankil missiles, which are believed to have ranges of up to 500 kilometres. These systems reportedly draw heavily from Iranian missile technology and can strike targets across large portions of the Red Sea.

The group also operates shorter-range systems such as the Faleq, Mayun and Bahr al-Ahmar missiles. While these missiles have lower ranges, they remain effective against vessels travelling close to Yemen’s coastline.

Unlike conventional cruise missiles, ballistic missiles travel high into the atmosphere before descending toward their targets at extreme speeds, making interception difficult and forcing naval forces to use expensive defensive systems.

Growing Drone Fleet

Drones have become one of the Houthis’ most important military assets. Over the past decade, the group has developed a diverse inventory of unmanned aerial vehicles capable of reconnaissance and long-range strike missions.

Among the most notable are the Wa’id-1 and Wa’id-2 drones, believed to be local versions of Iran’s Shahed-series loitering munitions. These drones reportedly have operational ranges exceeding 1,500 kilometres.

The movement also fields the Sammad family of drones, which have been used in attacks against regional targets. Another important platform is the Qasef series, designed for shorter-range operations and precision strikes.

Experts say drones allow the Houthis to launch relatively low-cost attacks while forcing opponents to spend significantly more on interception and air defence.

Explosive Boats and Mines

Beyond missiles and drones, the Houthis have developed unmanned explosive boats designed to attack ships at sea level.

The Tofan series of drone boats can reportedly carry hundreds of kilograms of explosives and travel at high speeds toward target vessels. These systems are intended to strike vulnerable sections of ships, including engine compartments and waterline areas.

The group is also believed to possess naval mines capable of damaging or sinking vessels. Some mines detonate upon contact, while others activate through acoustic or magnetic signatures generated by passing ships.

Security agencies consider these systems particularly dangerous because they can remain hidden and threaten commercial traffic long after deployment.

Surveillance Network Supports Operations

Accurate targeting requires continuous tracking of maritime traffic. To support its operations, the Houthis have reportedly developed an extensive intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance network.

This system uses commercial shipping data, coastal radar installations, observation posts and reconnaissance drones to monitor vessel movements across the Red Sea.

Analysts believe these capabilities allow the group to identify potential targets and update strike plans in near real time.

Iran Links and Local Production

According to military assessments, the Houthis maintain their arsenal through a combination of external support and domestic manufacturing.

Experts say Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Quds Force provides technical assistance, components and specialised equipment. Rather than shipping complete missile systems, modular parts are believed to be transported and later assembled inside Yemen.

Over the years, the Houthis have also developed underground production facilities in areas under their control. These sites reportedly assemble missiles and drones while modifying imported designs to suit local manufacturing capabilities.

The result is a military force that has evolved far beyond a traditional insurgent movement. With advanced missiles, drones, explosive boats and surveillance systems, the Houthis now possess capabilities that rival those of some state militaries, making them a growing challenge for regional security and global shipping.

Iran ‘far’ from final US deal as Houthis threaten key strait

Tehran cites major gaps after progress in negotiations

Iran has confirmed that despite recent diplomatic progress, the country remains “far” from a final peace agreement with the United States. The warning came as Yemen’s Houthi rebels threatened to close the strategic Bab al-Mandeb Strait, escalating fears of a wider maritime conflict.

Iranian parliamentary speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, also a lead negotiator, made the admission in a televised national address. He confirmed that while talks had moved forward, fundamental differences persist.

“We are still far from the final discussion,” Mr. Ghalibaf said. “We made progress in the negotiations, but there are many gaps and some fundamental points remain.”

Indian vessels targeted in Hormuz

In a significant escalation for New Delhi, Iranian forces opened fire on two Indian ships in the Strait of Hormuz. Official sources confirmed that 14 vessels were intercepted in total, while 13 were allowed to return. The Ministry of External Affairs has summoned the Iranian ambassador to register a strong protest.

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy has declared the strait closed, warning that any ship attempting passage will be targeted. A maritime agency also reported a tanker came under fire from gunboats in the same waterway.

Houthis deliver stern warning to Trump

Meanwhile, Yemen’s Houthi administration has issued a direct threat to close the Bab al-Mandeb Strait. The warning is aimed at US President Donald Trump over what the group calls “all practices and policies that obstruct peace.”

Houthi deputy foreign minister Hussein al-Ezzi stated that if Sanaa decides to close the strait, no global power would be able to reopen it. The development places additional pressure on global shipping lanes already disrupted by the Hormuz closure.

US releases emergency oil reserves

Amid the growing supply crisis, the United States has withdrawn 26 million barrels of oil from its emergency reserves. The stockpile has been released to private companies in an effort to stabilise global markets.

President Trump has also made it clear that while a deal with Iran may be near, the ongoing naval blockade against the country will continue until an agreement is finalised. “Whether people like Israel or not, they have proven to be a GREAT Ally,” Mr. Trump posted on Truth Social.

Next round of talks possible in Pakistan

Diplomatic sources indicate that the next round of US-Iran negotiations could take place in Pakistan as early as Monday. However, neither side has officially confirmed the date or venue.

Iranian deputy foreign minister Saeed Khatibzadeh has also criticised Washington for refusing to abandon its “maximalist” demands. Tehran insists that any lasting peace must address the full scope of regional tensions.

India stresses strong ties with Tehran

Despite the firing on Indian vessels, an Iranian representative has publicly stated that the bilateral relationship between Tehran and New Delhi remains “very strong.” The statement appears aimed at containing diplomatic fallout from the Hormuz incident.

Indian officials, however, continue to monitor the situation closely. The government has advised all Indian-flagged vessels to avoid the strait until further notice. The Ministry of External Affairs is expected to issue a formal demarche to Iran later this week.

Global impact and what comes next

The twin threats to the Strait of Hormuz and Bab al-Mandeb now endanger nearly 40 per cent of the world’s seaborne oil supply. Asian nations, including India and Bangladesh, have already begun reporting fuel shortages and price volatility.

Military analysts suggest Iran still retains nearly 70 per cent of its pre-war ballistic missile stockpile. With the current ceasefire set to expire on April 22, all eyes remain on whether diplomatic channels in Pakistan can bridge the remaining gaps before tensions boil over once again.