India and Germany will hold the fourth India-German Environment Forum in New Delhi on September 1, 2026, with the two countries set to discuss environmental protection, climate policy and opportunities for deeper cooperation in sustainable development.

Union Environment, Forest and Climate Change Minister Bhupender Yadav and German Federal Minister for Environment, Climate Action, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Carsten Schneider will co-chair the forum. The theme of the fourth edition is “Together for Greater Resilience.”

The forum is the highest-level bilateral platform between India and Germany for discussions on environmental policy. It has been organised since 2008 and provides an avenue for policymakers, businesses, experts and other stakeholders from both countries to exchange views and identify areas for practical cooperation.

Focus on environmental and climate cooperation

The September 1 meeting will examine key issues related to environmental protection and climate policy, with an emphasis on strengthening bilateral cooperation and sharing experiences between India and Germany.

The discussions will be organised through thematic sessions covering several areas of mutual interest. These include low-carbon industries, biodiversity in wetlands, mountains and forest landscapes, resource efficiency and the circular economy, as well as sustainable finance, green skills and mobilisation of investment.

The sessions are expected to examine challenges as well as potential solutions and opportunities in these sectors.

Policymakers and industry to participate

The forum will bring together representatives from government ministries, businesses, expert groups, non-governmental organisations and other relevant stakeholders.

The multi-stakeholder format is intended to facilitate dialogue between policymakers and the private sector while creating opportunities to identify practical approaches for advancing environmental and climate cooperation.

India and Germany have been expanding their engagement in areas related to sustainable technologies, resource efficiency and the transition towards a greener economy.

Three joint working groups meet ahead of forum

Ahead of the fourth Environment Forum, three joint working groups covering climate change, biodiversity and the circular economy have held meetings during the year.

The groups reviewed progress made so far and discussed areas of mutual interest. Their work is expected to feed into the broader discussions at the bilateral forum.

The working groups provide a more focused mechanism for cooperation between the two countries on specific environmental themes, while the Environment Forum serves as a wider platform bringing together government, industry and other stakeholders.

Green economy cooperation gains importance

The forum comes against the backdrop of growing economic and industrial relations between India and Germany and increasing opportunities for cooperation in sustainable technologies and the green economy.

Both countries have been working to expand collaboration in areas where economic development and environmental sustainability intersect. Discussions on low-carbon industries, circular economy models, green financing and skills are therefore expected to be important components of the September 1 meeting.

India-Germany platform since 2008

The India-German Environment Forum has served as the top bilateral platform for environmental policy dialogue between the two countries since 2008.

The fourth edition is being jointly organised by India's Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and Germany's Federal Ministry for the Environment, Climate Action, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, in cooperation with the German Asia-Pacific Business Association and Indian industry associations.

The September 1 meeting is expected to provide an opportunity for both sides to review ongoing cooperation, exchange policy experiences and explore practical areas for further collaboration on climate change, biodiversity, resource efficiency and sustainable finance.

Assam is facing one of its most devastating flood crises in recent years, with more than 100 people reported dead, around 2,700 villages affected and nearly 7 lakh people displaced by the latest wave of flooding. The state government has said that the overall number of people affected has crossed 12 lakh as torrential rain, swollen rivers and landslides disrupted life across several districts.

The worst impact has been reported in parts of Upper Assam, where unusually intense rainfall in neighbouring Nagaland caused rivers originating in the Naga Hills to swell rapidly. In Sivasagar and surrounding areas, the Dikhow River rose with such force that homes, farmland, trees and vehicles were swept away. While Assam routinely faces monsoon flooding, the scale and intensity of the 2026 disaster have raised fresh concerns about changing rainfall patterns, deforestation, riverbank erosion and human activity in vulnerable catchment areas.

Why Assam floods became so severe

The immediate trigger for the latest disaster was exceptionally heavy rainfall between July 18 and July 20, particularly in Nagaland's hill districts bordering Assam. The resulting runoff entered rivers flowing towards Upper Assam, producing sudden and powerful currents downstream.

Several villages in Sivasagar were hit by floodwaters carrying large quantities of mud, trees and other debris. Residents described the water as arriving like sea waves, leaving little time for families to escape. In some locations, people were forced onto the roofs of concrete buildings while rescue teams and local boat operators attempted to evacuate those trapped by the rising water.

The flooding also caused extensive damage to agricultural land. Paddy fields, which provide a major source of livelihood for rural communities, were inundated or covered with silt and debris.

Families continue searching for missing people

The human cost of the disaster has been particularly severe. In one Sivasagar village, a father continues to search for his four-year-old daughter, whose body had not been recovered after floodwaters swept through the family's home.

Several other residents were killed while attempting to save relatives, friends or neighbours. Local volunteers also played a major role in rescue operations, using boats to evacuate people trapped in flooded villages.

The crisis highlighted both the vulnerability of riverine communities and the importance of local rescue networks when floodwaters rise too quickly for formal response systems to reach every affected settlement.

Assam's recurring flood problem

Flooding is not new to Assam. The state lies within the Brahmaputra river system and experiences extensive annual flooding during the southwest monsoon.

The Brahmaputra and its tributaries carry enormous volumes of water through a landscape already vulnerable to erosion. The 1950 Assam-Tibet earthquake also significantly altered the region's river systems and contributed to the state's long-term flood vulnerability.

However, experts say the nature of recent flooding cannot be explained by rainfall alone. Changes in land use, loss of forest cover, riverbank erosion and unregulated extraction of natural resources can alter how quickly water reaches rivers and how effectively river channels absorb extreme flows.

Mining and deforestation under scrutiny

The 2026 floods have renewed debate over mining and deforestation in the Assam-Nagaland border region.

Residents and opposition leaders have alleged that extensive extraction of sand, stone and coal has weakened parts of the landscape and river systems. Environmental researchers have similarly pointed to forest loss in Nagaland and changes in river catchments as factors that could worsen flooding.

However, government officials have disputed the claim that mining was responsible for the disaster. Mon district officials in Nagaland have acknowledged concerns about illegal mining but maintained that the extreme rainfall was the principal cause.

Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma has also rejected allegations that unchecked mining triggered the floods, instead pointing to excessive rainfall in Nagaland. State minister Ranoj Pegu has linked the extreme weather to climate change.

Climate change adds another risk

Scientists and researchers have increasingly warned that climate change can make extreme rainfall events more intense and unpredictable. For Assam, this creates a particularly serious challenge because heavy rainfall upstream can rapidly translate into flooding downstream.

The 2026 disaster demonstrates how flooding in one state can also be connected to rainfall and environmental changes across an interstate river basin. Water flowing from the Naga Hills into Assam means that effective flood management requires coordination between Assam and Nagaland rather than isolated action within individual districts.

What lies ahead for Assam

Although floodwaters have receded from several affected areas, the crisis is far from over for many families. The immediate priorities include locating missing people, restoring homes and roads, clearing debris, protecting crops and providing assistance to displaced communities.

The larger challenge is reducing Assam's vulnerability before the next extreme rainfall event. Better river monitoring, early-warning systems, protection of forests and wetlands, stricter regulation of mining and stronger coordination between states could become increasingly important.

For thousands of families who have lost homes, farmland or loved ones, the 2026 floods are more than another seasonal disaster. They have raised difficult questions about whether Assam's traditional approach to managing floods is adequate in an era of increasingly extreme weather.

Europe’s prolonged summer heat is increasingly turning into an economic challenge, disrupting river transport, electricity generation, agriculture and tourism while raising concerns over food and energy costs.

Five heatwaves have swept across Europe this summer, with record temperatures, prolonged drought and wildfires putting pressure on critical infrastructure and businesses.

Dutch bank Triodos estimates that extreme heat could cost the European Union around €180 billion (approximately $208 billion) in 2026, equivalent to about 1 per cent of the bloc’s GDP. The estimate comes as the EU is expected to grow by only around 1.1 per cent this year.

The impact is particularly significant as Europe is already dealing with high energy costs, weak industrial activity, US tariffs and growing competition from China.

Rhine Disrupts German Industry

The Rhine has emerged as one of the clearest examples of how extreme weather is affecting Europe’s economy.

The river is a major transport corridor for Germany, carrying chemicals, fuels, raw materials and other industrial products. But prolonged drought has pushed water levels lower, forcing barges to reduce their loads.

Some companies are shifting shipments from waterways to road and rail, increasing transportation costs and creating additional pressure on industrial supply chains.

The Rhine is not alone. Other major European waterways, including parts of the Danube, are also experiencing low water levels after months of limited rainfall.

Nuclear Power Faces Cooling Problems

Europe’s electricity sector is facing another unusual consequence of extreme heat: inadequate cooling water for nuclear power plants.

France generates more than two-thirds of its electricity from nuclear power. Several of its reactors rely on river water for cooling, leaving them vulnerable when river temperatures become too high or water levels fall.

EDF expected up to 15 per cent of its nuclear fleet to be offline during the latest heatwave.

Romania has faced similar difficulties. Nuclearelectrica began disconnecting its sole operational reactor at the Cernavoda nuclear plant after the Danube reached critically low levels. The country has also declared an energy emergency for August and urged households and businesses to voluntarily reduce electricity consumption.

Hungary’s Paks nuclear plant has also reduced output because of high temperatures and low Danube water levels.

Electricity Demand Moves Higher

The heatwave is creating pressure on both sides of Europe’s power market.

As temperatures rise, households, offices, shops and factories increase their use of air conditioning and other cooling systems. Electricity demand therefore rises at the same time that some nuclear and hydropower facilities face difficulties maintaining normal output.

French electricity prices have risen as traders anticipated reduced nuclear generation.

If nuclear and hydropower output remains constrained, European countries may need to depend more heavily on gas-fired power plants or electricity imports. This could keep power prices elevated and increase operating costs for energy-intensive industries.

Gas Storage Faces Pressure

The heatwave also comes at a difficult time for Europe’s energy security.

European gas storage levels are relatively low for this point in the year, while geopolitical tensions have contributed to uncertainty around LNG supplies.

Higher electricity demand during the summer could increase gas consumption if nuclear generation falls. That could make it more expensive for European countries to refill storage facilities ahead of winter.

The immediate concern is not necessarily a shortage of gas, but the possibility that rebuilding reserves will become more expensive.

Higher energy procurement costs could eventually affect electricity and heating bills for households while increasing expenses for businesses.

Agriculture Takes Major Hit

Agriculture is among the sectors facing the most direct damage from extreme heat and drought.

High temperatures are reducing soil moisture, stressing crops and accelerating harvesting. European agricultural monitoring has reported growing stress in several summer crops, while production estimates for crops such as maize and sunflower have been reduced.

The effects can spread across the food supply chain.

Lower cereal production can increase the cost of animal feed, raising expenses for meat, dairy and egg producers. A weaker harvest could also increase Europe’s dependence on imports.

If several agricultural regions experience poor harvests simultaneously, global supplies could tighten, potentially pushing food prices higher.

Southern Europe Under Pressure

Southern European economies are particularly exposed because agriculture, tourism and outdoor employment play an important role in countries such as Italy, Spain and Greece.

Prolonged heat and drought are affecting crops including cereals, tomatoes, grapes and olives.

Tourism could also face a longer-term impact. Temperatures approaching or exceeding 40°C can make sightseeing and outdoor activities difficult, potentially encouraging tourists to shift their holidays towards spring or autumn.

Such a change could affect traditional summer tourism patterns in southern Europe while creating opportunities for cooler destinations in northern Europe.

Workers Lose Productive Hours

Extreme heat is also affecting labour productivity.

Construction workers, agricultural labourers, logistics employees and others who work outdoors face particularly difficult conditions. Businesses may need to introduce longer breaks or shorter working hours during the hottest part of the day.

Farmers in parts of Europe have already adjusted their schedules to work during cooler early-morning hours.

While such measures allow operations to continue, they can increase labour and operating costs. Across the broader economy, fewer productive working hours can translate into lower overall output.

Wildfires Add Economic Costs

Drought and high temperatures have also increased wildfire risks across southern Europe.

Spain has been among the countries badly affected, with large areas damaged by fires, according to EU Copernicus monitoring.

Wildfires create immediate costs through firefighting, evacuations and emergency response. They also cause longer-term damage to homes, farms, forests and infrastructure.

Transport and tourism can be disrupted, while governments and insurers face additional financial liabilities.

For European governments already dealing with pressure on public finances, repeated climate-related emergencies could mean higher spending at a time when budgets are also being stretched by defence, energy security and the green transition.

€180 Billion Warning

The estimated €180-billion economic impact highlights how extreme weather can develop into a broader macroeconomic problem.

Lower labour productivity is expected to account for a significant share of the economic losses, followed by agriculture, energy and transport.

The costs could continue even after temperatures return to normal.

Businesses may have to invest in cooling systems, alternative transport arrangements and climate-resilient infrastructure. Governments may need to strengthen power grids, water networks and emergency-response systems, while farmers could require new irrigation methods and more heat-resistant crops.

The European Commission has estimated that EU countries may need to spend around €70 billion annually through 2050 on climate adaptation.

Europe Faces a Long-Term Challenge

The summer heatwave has demonstrated how extreme weather can trigger disruptions across several parts of an economy simultaneously.

Low water levels are affecting the Rhine and Danube. Nuclear plants face cooling constraints. Electricity demand is rising. Farmers are confronting crop stress. Workers are losing productive hours, while wildfires are increasing costs for governments, insurers and businesses.

Ultimately, these pressures can reach consumers through higher food, energy and transport costs.

For Europe, the challenge is no longer simply dealing with individual days of extreme heat. It is preparing infrastructure, businesses and public finances for a climate in which heatwaves, drought and wildfires could become more frequent and economically disruptive.

The summer of 2026 is therefore emerging as a warning that a climate shock can begin with temperatures and rainfall but eventually affect economic growth, prices, industrial production and household budgets.

The Government of India is implementing Mission Mausam, a comprehensive Central Sector Scheme of the Ministry of Earth Sciences aimed at making India a “weather-ready and climate-smart nation.” The mission focuses on strengthening weather and Earth-system observation, improving early warnings for high-impact weather events and expanding seamless weather and climate services.

Mission Mausam was approved by the Union Cabinet in 2024 and was formally launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on January 14, 2025. An allocation of ₹2,000 crore was provided for 2024-25 and 2025-26.

Focus on Advanced Weather Systems

The mission seeks to modernise India's weather monitoring and forecasting infrastructure through advanced technologies.

Key objectives include developing state-of-the-art weather monitoring systems, improving the resolution and coverage of atmospheric observations, deploying next-generation Doppler weather radars and wind profilers, and equipping satellites with advanced instrument payloads.

The programme also focuses on expanding high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructure and developing advanced Earth-system models and data-driven forecasting methods using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML).

Six Areas for 2026-31

For the 2026-31 period, Mission Mausam is proposed to operate through six major areas — Observe All, Develop, Weather MOD, AtComp, Frontier and NEET.

These areas cover enhanced weather observations, Earth-system model development, weather modification research, atmospheric composition monitoring and forecasting, frontier technologies and national initiatives for atmospheric technology.

For 2026-27, the estimated budget for Mission Mausam is ₹1,342.29 crore. This includes ₹855.29 crore under revenue expenditure and ₹487 crore under capital expenditure.

AI to Improve Forecast Accuracy

One of the major components of Mission Mausam is the use of AI and ML alongside conventional numerical weather prediction systems.

The government plans to use AI/ML and hybrid physics-AI technologies for weather forecasting, forecast improvement, post-processing and development of location-specific weather information.

High-resolution numerical weather prediction models, coupled Earth-system models, ensemble forecasting systems and advanced data-assimilation techniques will also be used to improve forecasts of high-impact weather events.

Stronger Early Warning Network

Mission Mausam is designed to strengthen the entire forecasting and warning chain, from observation and modelling to the delivery of actionable information to people at the last mile.

The programme includes modernisation of surface, upper-air, radar, satellite, lightning, aviation, marine and ocean observation systems. Advanced remote-sensing technologies will also be deployed.

Decision-support systems, impact-based forecasting and multi-channel dissemination platforms are being strengthened to ensure that weather warnings reach users in a timely and actionable manner.

Focus on Extreme Weather

The upgraded systems are expected to improve the accuracy, spatial resolution and lead time of forecasts and warnings for extreme weather events.

These include cyclones, heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, lightning, heatwaves and urban flooding.

The emphasis on impact-based and risk-based warnings is intended to help authorities and communities prepare for weather-related hazards before they cause widespread damage.

Benefits for Agriculture

Farmers are expected to benefit from improved weather and agrometeorological advisories.

More accurate, location-specific forecasts can support decisions related to crop planning, irrigation and other farm-level activities, while helping reduce weather-related risks.

Support for Fisheries and Aviation

For the fisheries sector, improved marine weather forecasts and early warnings about adverse sea and weather conditions are expected to support safer fishing operations and coastal livelihoods.

The aviation sector is also expected to benefit from better forecasts and timely information about fog, thunderstorms, strong winds and other aviation-related weather hazards, helping improve operational safety and efficiency.

Strengthening Disaster Preparedness

Mission Mausam is also expected to play an important role in disaster management by providing earlier and more detailed warnings for high-impact weather events.

Impact-based forecasts can help authorities plan evacuation, emergency response and risk-reduction measures more effectively.

The government expects the upgraded observation, modelling and computational infrastructure to support better decision-making, strengthen disaster risk reduction and improve climate resilience across weather-sensitive sectors.

Building a Weather-Ready India

Mission Mausam represents an effort to move India's weather services towards more accurate, timely and location-specific forecasting through a combination of advanced observation systems, high-performance computing, numerical modelling and AI-based technologies.

By strengthening the forecasting and early-warning ecosystem, the mission aims to reduce weather-related losses, improve planning across sensitive sectors and enhance India's preparedness for increasingly complex weather and climate risks.

India nearly doubled its proposed coal mining capacity in 2025, pushing the country's planned capacity to 638 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) from 329 MTPA a year earlier, according to data from Global Energy Monitor (GEM).

The increase of around 94 per cent made India the biggest contributor to the expansion of the global pipeline of proposed coal mining projects. Globally, proposed coal mine capacity rose by about 11 per cent year-on-year to 2,521 MTPA in 2025.

The figures come as India continues to expand renewable energy capacity while relying heavily on coal to meet rising electricity demand and reduce dependence on imported fuel.

India Drives Global Increase

GEM's latest research identified 837 coal mine proposals worldwide, representing an increase of nearly 12 per cent from 2024.

The data is based on GEM's Global Coal Mine Tracker, which monitors coal projects at different stages, including proposed, permitted, under construction and operating mines.

India accounted for the largest share of the increase in proposed global coal mining capacity. The expansion is linked to efforts to increase domestic coal production, support electricity generation and industrial activity, and strengthen energy security.

A large portion of India's proposed mining capacity is concentrated in coal-rich states such as Jharkhand and Odisha, which have extensive reserves and established mining infrastructure.

Coal Remains Key to Power

Despite rapid growth in renewable energy, coal remains a major source of electricity generation in India.

Coal-fired power plants continue to provide baseload electricity and help meet periods of high demand when renewable generation is unavailable or fluctuates.

India's electricity consumption is also expected to grow rapidly over the coming years. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), electricity demand in the country is projected to increase by an average of around 6.4 per cent annually through 2030.

Renewable energy is expected to meet a substantial portion of additional electricity demand, but coal is still projected to contribute significantly to the remaining requirement.

Global Coal Pipeline Expands

The increase in India's proposed capacity comes against a broader expansion in planned coal mining worldwide.

China, India, Australia, Russia and South Africa account for more than 90 per cent of proposed global coal mining capacity, according to GEM.

China alone accounts for around 1,329 MTPA, making it the largest contributor to the global pipeline.

Thermal coal intended for power generation accounts for roughly 70 per cent of proposed capacity, while metallurgical coal used in steel production is becoming an increasingly important part of new mining plans.

New Mine Openings Decline

GEM's data also shows a contrasting trend. While proposed capacity has increased, the amount of new coal mining capacity being opened has declined.

New mine capacity openings have fallen by more than 50 per cent since 2024, even as around 700 MTPA of capacity remains under construction globally.

Once completed, these projects could support coal production for decades, raising concerns about whether some mines could become financially unviable as energy systems shift towards lower-carbon sources.

Coal Demand Outlook

The IEA expects India to remain one of the world's major drivers of coal demand growth through 2030.

Its Coal 2025 outlook projects Indian coal demand to increase by an average of around 3 per cent annually, adding more than 200 million tonnes of demand by 2030.

Globally, however, the outlook is different. The IEA expects coal demand to plateau during the middle of the decade and gradually decline by 2030 as renewable energy, nuclear power and natural gas take a larger share of electricity generation.

Global coal consumption in 2030 is projected to be around 3 per cent lower than 2025 levels.

Energy Security vs Climate Goals

India's expanding coal mining pipeline highlights the challenge of balancing energy security with long-term climate objectives.

The country is rapidly increasing renewable generation capacity, but electricity demand is growing at a pace that makes coal difficult to phase out quickly.

Domestic coal production is therefore being expanded to ensure adequate fuel availability for power plants and reduce exposure to international coal prices and supply disruptions.

At the same time, a large expansion of mining capacity could create financial risks if coal demand grows more slowly than expected.

Risk of Future Overcapacity

The difference between planned mining capacity and long-term demand projections could become an important issue for the global coal industry.

If renewable energy deployment accelerates faster than expected, or if coal demand begins declining earlier, some proposed mines could struggle to find buyers or operate profitably.

For India, the immediate priority remains ensuring reliable electricity and supporting economic growth. But the scale of the proposed coal pipeline also means future investment decisions will need to account for changing energy markets and the country's long-term transition towards cleaner sources.

A prolonged dry spell in Indonesia has caused water levels in the Karian Reservoir in Banten province to fall sharply, revealing the remains of a village that had been submerged for years after the construction of the dam.

The resurfacing of Somang village, including old houses, a mosque and other structures, has offered a striking glimpse of a settlement that disappeared beneath the reservoir after the Karian Dam project was developed. The development comes amid unusually dry conditions in Indonesia, with the country's weather agency warning of below-normal rainfall across large parts of the country.

Village Reappears as Water Recedes

Somang was once a populated village in Banten before the area was submerged as part of the Karian Dam project. Construction of the project began in 2015, and the reservoir became operational in 2023, after which the village was covered by water and residents were relocated. 

As the reservoir's water level dropped during the current dry spell, parts of the old settlement gradually became visible again. Images show remnants of concrete homes, walls, a mosque and other structures emerging from the exposed ground.

The sight has attracted attention because the landscape that had remained hidden underwater for years has suddenly become visible again.

El Niño Linked to Dry Conditions

The falling reservoir level is being reported amid the effects of an El Niño climate pattern, which can alter rainfall patterns across Southeast Asia.

During El Niño, changes in Pacific Ocean temperatures can influence atmospheric circulation and rainfall. In Indonesia, the phenomenon is often associated with reduced rainfall and hotter, drier conditions during the country's dry season.

Recent reporting has also documented worsening drought conditions in parts of Indonesia. Reuters reported that the country is experiencing widespread dry weather linked to an intensifying El Niño pattern, with agricultural communities facing water shortages even as some salt producers benefit from the prolonged sunshine. 

Rainfall Deficit Across Indonesia

Indonesia's weather agency, BMKG, had forecast below-normal rainfall across significant parts of the country in 2026.

According to the Aaj Tak report, BMKG estimated in June that around 64.5 per cent of Indonesia could receive below-normal rainfall, while approximately 57.2 per cent could experience a longer-than-usual dry season. The first part of July also saw rainfall below normal across a large portion of the country. 

BMKG subsequently indicated that El Niño had become active and could strengthen, raising concerns over prolonged dry conditions, water availability, agriculture and the risk of forest and land fires. 

Karian Reservoir’s Importance

The Karian Reservoir is an important water infrastructure project serving the wider Greater Jakarta region. Its water resources are intended to support the needs of a large and densely populated area.

The current decline in reservoir levels therefore carries significance beyond the appearance of the submerged village. A prolonged shortage of rainfall could put additional pressure on water resources, particularly if dry conditions continue for several months.

The re-emergence of Somang provides a visible indication of just how far the reservoir level has fallen.

What Happened to Somang?

Before the dam was constructed, Somang was a functioning village where families lived and worked. The construction of the reservoir required the settlement to be cleared and its residents relocated.

Once the reservoir filled, the village disappeared beneath the water. For years, there was little visible evidence of the settlement from the surface.

Now, with the water retreating, parts of the old village have returned to view. The exposed structures serve as a reminder of the communities that once occupied the land before it became part of the reservoir.

Drought Raises Wider Concerns

The resurfacing of Somang is visually striking, but the underlying reason is a matter of concern. Falling water levels can affect drinking-water supplies, farming and other activities dependent on reservoirs.

Indonesia is also dealing with an elevated risk of wildfires during the current dry period. Recent reports have highlighted fires across parts of the country amid exceptionally dry conditions. 

If rainfall remains below normal, pressure on water resources could increase further.

For now, the remains of Somang stand exposed as an unusual consequence of the drought — a village hidden beneath a reservoir for years has temporarily returned to the surface as Indonesia confronts a prolonged period of dry weather.

 The Trump administration has withdrawn federal support for the annual Arctic Report Card, ending the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) two-decade role in coordinating the assessment of environmental, ecological and social changes across the Arctic.

The 2026 edition of the report is already being prepared and is expected to move forward, but without NOAA's coordination, logistical assistance and formal publication as a NOAA technical report.

The decision was communicated to some scientists involved in the report on Monday, according to people familiar with the matter. The reason for the immediate withdrawal was not publicly explained.

NOAA Ends Coordination Role

NOAA spokesperson Kim Doster confirmed that the agency would no longer facilitate the 2026 edition.

Doster said data historically contributed by NOAA would continue to be collected and remain publicly available.

However, the agency's withdrawal means this year's publication will not carry the same NOAA technical-report status it has traditionally held.

NOAA has played a significant coordinating role in the report, including providing a coordinating editor, hosting the publication online and supporting its public release alongside the lead authors.

21st Edition Already Underway

The Arctic Report Card's 2026 edition is already in preparation, with lead authors, chapter contributors and other scientists working on the assessment.

Without NOAA's logistical and editorial support, the researchers will now have to determine how the publication will be completed and released.

The report is generally published each December and has become a major annual reference for understanding conditions across the Arctic.

What Is Arctic Report Card?

The Arctic Report Card provides an annual overview of changes taking place across the Arctic region.

The publication covers a wide range of environmental and ecological indicators, including sea ice, wildlife, vegetation and climate conditions.

It also examines changes affecting communities and the lives of people living across the Arctic.

Scientists have increasingly focused on the region because the Arctic is warming significantly faster than the global average, contributing to rapid changes in sea ice, ecosystems and weather patterns.

Beyond Climate Science

The report has attracted attention beyond scientific and academic circles.

Researchers and educators use its findings to track long-term environmental trends, while policymakers have relied on its assessments when considering Arctic-related issues.

The report's findings have also had implications for national security and strategic planning. According to one source, NATO has previously cited the assessment.

That broader use has made the publication an important source of consolidated information about a region that is becoming increasingly significant for environmental, economic and geopolitical reasons.

Wider Climate Policy Changes

NOAA's withdrawal comes amid broader changes to federal climate programmes and access to government climate information under the Trump administration.

The agency has already discontinued some climate-related initiatives and stopped producing its annual report on billion-dollar weather and climate disasters, according to the report.

The administration has also halted updates to Climate.gov, limiting the release of new official information on subjects including El Niño and global warming.

National Climate Assessment Affected

Other major climate programmes have also faced changes.

NOAA dismissed authors who had been working on the federally mandated National Climate Assessment and plans to restart the author-selection process.

The move has drawn attention because some of the proposed or selected authors have questioned aspects of the scientific consensus surrounding human-caused climate change.

The changes have raised concerns among scientists about the future of federal climate research and the role of government agencies in communicating environmental information.

Data to Remain Public

Despite ending its coordination role, NOAA has said that data historically provided by the agency for the Arctic Report Card will continue to be collected and made publicly available.

That means researchers involved in the 2026 assessment will still have access to NOAA's underlying datasets, although they will no longer receive the same institutional coordination and logistical support.

The immediate challenge will therefore be maintaining the report's annual publication and scientific continuity without its traditional federal framework.

What Comes Next?

The 2026 Arctic Report Card is expected to continue despite NOAA's withdrawal.

Researchers will now have to establish an alternative mechanism for coordinating the report, managing its publication and communicating its findings.

The development could ultimately determine whether the report continues as an independent scientific assessment or takes a different institutional form.

For scientists monitoring rapid changes in the Arctic, maintaining consistent long-term data and annual assessments will remain important as environmental and geopolitical attention on the region continues to grow.

France and Spain are battling one of their most severe wildfire emergencies in recent years, with more than 220,000 people either evacuated or forced to leave their homes as fast-moving fires continue to spread across both countries.

Authorities say soaring temperatures, prolonged dry weather, and the growing impact of climate change have intensified the wildfires, making them extremely difficult to contain. Emergency services remain on high alert as firefighters race to protect residential areas and prevent further destruction.

Over Two Lakh People Displaced

According to official figures, around 141,000 residents in France have been evacuated as wildfires spread rapidly through several regions, particularly near Bordeaux.

In neighboring Spain, the government has declared a national emergency after multiple fires broke out across the country. Authorities have ordered 25,000 people to evacuate their homes, while nearly 40,000 residents have been advised to remain indoors because of hazardous smoke and deteriorating air quality.

The combined impact has affected more than 220,000 people, making it one of Europe's largest wildfire emergencies this year.

Extreme Heat and Climate Change Blamed

Emergency officials say the fires have been fueled by exceptionally high temperatures, dry vegetation, and strong winds.

According to reports, the flames spread so rapidly that firefighters were unable to attack some fire fronts directly, forcing authorities to prioritize evacuations and the protection of populated areas.

Scientists have repeatedly warned that climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, including prolonged heatwaves and destructive wildfires across southern Europe.

Firefighters Injured, No Deaths Reported in Current Blaze

French authorities confirmed that dozens of firefighters sustained injuries while battling the flames. Fortunately, no fatalities have been reported in either France or Spain during the current wildfire crisis.

Emergency crews continue working around the clock to contain the fires despite difficult weather conditions.

Military Deployed to Fight the Fires

Spain has deployed its Military Emergency Unit (UME) to assist firefighters in controlling the rapidly advancing flames.

One of the primary operations is underway near the historic town of El Escorial, where emergency teams are attempting to stop the fire before it reaches residential neighborhoods.

Authorities are also monitoring another significant wildfire in Ávila Province, where firefighting operations remain ongoing.

Massive Traffic Jams During Evacuations

As evacuation orders were issued, thousands of residents attempted to leave affected areas simultaneously, resulting in kilometres-long traffic jams on major highways.

Images from the affected regions showed vehicles stretching for miles as families rushed to safer locations while smoke engulfed nearby forests.

Emergency officials urged residents to follow designated evacuation routes and avoid returning to affected areas until authorities declare them safe.

Thousands of Firefighters Continue Operations

Firefighters from several countries, including Spain, Morocco, Colombia, and Romania, have joined efforts to contain the flames.

Ground crews are working alongside helicopters and aircraft to slow the spread of the fires and protect homes, forests, and critical infrastructure.

Despite their efforts, officials warn that strong winds and dry conditions continue to create unpredictable fire behavior.

Earlier Wildfires Claimed 12 Lives

The current emergency comes only days after another devastating wildfire swept through Spain's Andalusia region, killing at least 12 people and leaving 19 others missing.

According to authorities, the fire spread rapidly after reportedly being triggered by the collapse of a power line, although investigators are still examining the exact cause.

Several victims were found trapped inside a vehicle while others died attempting to escape the fast-moving flames.

Officials said one of the vehicles appeared to be right-hand drive, raising the possibility that some victims may have been British nationals. The UK Foreign Office has been informed.

Europe Faces Another Severe Wildfire Season

The latest fires highlight the growing challenge Europe faces each summer as rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and changing climate patterns increase wildfire risks.

Authorities in both France and Spain have urged residents to remain vigilant, follow evacuation instructions, and avoid affected regions while emergency crews continue their operations.

With weather conditions expected to remain hot and dry, firefighters fear the situation could worsen before significant containment is achieved.

Indian marine biologist and wildlife photographer Gaurav Patil has been named the Overall Winner of the Mangrove Photographer of the Year 2026, earning international recognition for a striking photograph that exposes the silent environmental damage caused by abandoned fishing nets, commonly known as "ghost nets."

Captured on the mangrove-lined shores of Nandgaon village in Maharashtra, south of Mumbai, the award-winning image titled "Tangled Glow: When Life Meets the Ruins" reveals an abandoned fishing net glowing under ultraviolet light after a 13-second long exposure. The haunting visual has drawn global attention to one of the most overlooked threats facing coastal ecosystems.

Award-Winning Image Highlights Hidden Threat

Patil, who transitioned from marine biology to conservation photography, said he wanted to present the issue in a way that would immediately capture public attention.

According to the photographer, abandoned fishing nets frequently become entangled in mangrove forests along India's coastline. Over time, these synthetic nets break down into microplastics, damage tree roots, trap wildlife, and continue polluting coastal habitats for decades.

Rather than documenting the problem in a conventional way, Patil used ultraviolet photography to transform the discarded net into an eerie glowing structure, creating a visually compelling image that blends art with environmental storytelling.

Why Ghost Nets Are Dangerous

Ghost nets are discarded or lost fishing nets that remain in oceans, rivers, and coastal forests long after they have been abandoned.

Environmental experts warn that these nets:

• Trap fish, birds, crabs, turtles, and other marine wildlife.
• Damage mangrove roots and young trees.
• Release harmful microplastics into coastal ecosystems.
• Continue "ghost fishing" for years without human intervention.
• Threaten biodiversity and local fishing communities.

According to estimates cited by conservation organizations, between 500,000 and one million tonnes of fishing gear are abandoned in oceans every year, making ghost nets one of the world's largest sources of marine plastic pollution.

India's Mangroves Under Growing Pressure

India is home to nearly 5,000 square kilometres of mangrove forests, including approximately 40% of the Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove ecosystem shared with Bangladesh.

Mangroves play a critical role in:

• Protecting coastlines from erosion.
• Reducing storm surge impacts.
• Absorbing large amounts of carbon.
• Supporting fisheries and biodiversity.
• Providing livelihoods for coastal communities.

However, these vital ecosystems are increasingly threatened by rising sea levels, coastal development, aquaculture projects, plastic pollution, and abandoned fishing gear.

The issue has gained renewed attention following concerns over infrastructure projects affecting mangrove forests along Mumbai's western coastline.

Global Competition Celebrates Conservation

The Mangrove Photography Awards, now in their 12th edition, received more than 5,000 submissions from photographers around the world, reflecting growing awareness of the importance of mangrove conservation.

Other winning photographs showcased remarkable wildlife and conservation stories from across the globe, including:

• Jungle cat kittens in India's Sundarbans.
• Royal Bengal tigers moving through mangrove forests.
• Bottlenose dolphins in the United States.
• Nile monitor lizards in The Gambia.
• Community-led mangrove restoration efforts in Indonesia.

The awards aim to use powerful visual storytelling to inspire action toward protecting one of the planet's most important coastal ecosystems.

Conservation Through Storytelling

Organizers believe photography can play a vital role in driving environmental awareness and conservation.

Leo Thom, Founder and Creative Director of the Mangrove Photography Awards, said Patil's image captured a global environmental issue that often goes unnoticed despite its widespread impact. He emphasized that abandoned fishing gear silently destroys mangrove ecosystems while releasing microplastics and remaining in the environment for decades.

Experts also stress that successful mangrove restoration should focus not only on planting trees but also on restoring natural water flow, allowing mangrove ecosystems to regenerate naturally.

US President Donald Trump has threatened to impose new tariffs on Canada, accusing Ottawa of "willful negligence" as massive wildfires continue to send thick smoke across the northern United States, worsening air quality in several major cities.

The remarks have added a political dimension to Canada's ongoing wildfire crisis, which has already become one of the country's most severe environmental emergencies this year.

Trump Blames Canada for Smoke Crisis

In a post on Truth Social, Trump claimed that the United States was being "unnecessarily invaded by filthy, polluted and unhealthy air" originating from Canada.

He alleged that Canadian authorities had failed to properly manage forests and brushlands, calling the situation an example of "willful negligence." Trump also said he was considering imposing fresh tariffs on Canadian goods and planned to speak with Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney regarding the issue.

The comments came as dense wildfire smoke continued drifting across several US states, reducing visibility and triggering widespread air quality alerts.

Wildfires Continue to Rage Across Canada

According to the Canadian Wildland Fire Information System, nearly 900 wildfires remained active across Canada as of Friday, with a significant number classified as out of control.

Ontario has emerged as one of the worst-affected provinces, battling more than 190 active fires, many of which continue to spread despite extensive firefighting efforts.

Emergency crews have deployed aircraft, helicopters and thousands of firefighters, but prolonged dry weather and high temperatures have complicated containment operations.

US Cities Face Hazardous Air Quality

Smoke from the Canadian wildfires has spread across large parts of the northern and northeastern United States, prompting health advisories for millions of residents.

States including Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and Illinois have experienced some of the poorest air quality levels in recent days. Smoke has also reached the East Coast, affecting cities such as New York.

Air quality monitoring platform IQAir ranked Chicago and Detroit among the world's most polluted cities during the peak of the smoke event, while authorities in Chicago temporarily closed public beaches because of hazardous conditions.

New York officials warned that fine particulate pollution had reached levels considered unhealthy for all residents, urging people to limit outdoor activities.

Canada Urges Cooperation, Not Criticism

Ontario Premier Doug Ford responded by calling on the United States to assist in battling the wildfires rather than criticising Canada.

He urged Washington to provide additional firefighting resources, describing the disaster as a shared North American challenge requiring cross-border cooperation.

Prime Minister Mark Carney had earlier stressed that climate change and increasingly severe wildfire seasons require joint efforts between Canada and the United States rather than political confrontation.

Canadian officials have not formally responded to Trump's tariff threat.

Political Debate Intensifies

Trump's comments have also reignited broader political debates surrounding US-Canada relations.

Some Republican lawmakers echoed calls for tougher measures against Canada, while others revived Trump's long-standing suggestion that Canada should become America's "51st state"—a proposal that has repeatedly drawn criticism from Canadian leaders and the public.

The wildfire crisis has already strained cross-border travel, disrupted outdoor activities and raised fresh concerns over climate resilience and emergency preparedness across North America.

Climate and Economic Concerns

Scientists have linked the severity of Canada's wildfire season to prolonged heat, below-average rainfall and dry forest conditions. Forecasts indicate that above-normal temperatures could continue through the coming weeks, increasing the risk of additional fires and prolonged smoke events.

With air quality deteriorating across both countries and the political rhetoric escalating, the crisis is increasingly becoming not only an environmental challenge but also a diplomatic issue between two of North America's closest allies.

Canada's 2026 wildfire season has escalated into one of the country's most severe environmental emergencies in recent years, with hundreds of active fires continuing to burn across multiple provinces despite large-scale firefighting efforts. The crisis has expanded beyond Canada's borders, sending dense smoke across the United States, disrupting daily life, worsening air quality and raising fresh concerns about climate resilience.

Authorities say the combination of prolonged heat, dry conditions, lightning strikes and the unique characteristics of Canada's boreal forests has created conditions that make many fires extremely difficult to control.

Hundreds of Fires Remain Active

By mid-July, Canada was battling nearly 900 active wildfires, with a significant number classified as out of control. Major fire activity has been reported in Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec, Yukon, Northwest Territories and several Atlantic provinces.

Ontario has emerged as one of the worst-hit regions, where dozens of fires continue to threaten remote communities, forests and critical infrastructure. Firefighters, helicopters, water bombers and emergency response teams remain deployed across affected areas, but many blazes continue to spread.

The smoke generated by these fires has travelled thousands of kilometres, triggering air quality alerts in major cities including Toronto, Chicago, Detroit, New York and Washington, D.C.

Extreme Weather Accelerating Fire Spread

Wildfires occur every summer in Canada, but experts say this year's season intensified rapidly after weeks of unusually high temperatures and below-normal rainfall.

Large parts of northern Canada experienced persistent heatwaves, drying forests, peatlands and grasslands. The lack of moisture has turned vegetation into highly combustible fuel, allowing even small ignitions to grow into massive wildfires.

Meteorologists also point to a prolonged heat dome—a high-pressure weather system that traps hot air over a region—as one of the key drivers behind the crisis. The system has suppressed rainfall while maintaining unusually high temperatures across large areas.

Lightning and Strong Winds Add to the Challenge

Lightning remains one of the biggest natural causes of Canadian wildfires.

During dry conditions, thunderstorms often generate lightning without significant rainfall, igniting multiple fires simultaneously across remote landscapes.

Strong winds further complicate firefighting efforts by pushing flames into new areas and carrying burning embers kilometres ahead of the main fire front, creating additional spot fires.

Remote Forests Make Firefighting Difficult

Canada's vast boreal forests present one of the greatest challenges for emergency responders.

Many active fires are burning hundreds of kilometres away from roads, towns or water infrastructure, making conventional firefighting operations impossible. Emergency crews often rely on helicopters, aircraft and specially trained smokejumpers, who parachute directly into isolated fire zones.

Because resources are limited, authorities prioritise protecting communities, highways, power infrastructure and critical facilities rather than attempting to extinguish every wildfire burning in remote wilderness.

'Zombie Fires' Continue Burning Underground

Another factor making Canada's wildfire season especially difficult is the presence of so-called "zombie fires."

Much of Canada's boreal forest sits above deep peat layers that can continue smouldering underground long after surface flames disappear. These underground fires may burn for weeks or even survive beneath winter snow before reigniting the following year.

Even extensive aerial water drops cannot always extinguish these hidden hotspots, allowing fires to re-emerge unexpectedly.

Wildfires Creating Their Own Weather

Scientists say some of Canada's largest fires have become powerful enough to influence local weather conditions.

Intense heat generated by massive fires can produce towering pyrocumulonimbus clouds—fire-generated thunderstorms capable of creating unpredictable winds and dry lightning.

These storms can rapidly change the direction of a wildfire while simultaneously igniting entirely new fires several kilometres away, making suppression efforts even more challenging.

Smoke Impacting Millions Across North America

Smoke from the Canadian wildfires has spread across much of North America, reducing visibility and pushing air pollution to hazardous levels.

Several major cities temporarily recorded among the world's worst air quality readings as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increased sharply. Health officials have advised residents to stay indoors, avoid strenuous outdoor activity and wear N95 or KN95 masks when outside.

Medical experts warn that prolonged exposure to wildfire smoke can aggravate asthma, heart disease and respiratory illnesses, with children, older adults and people with chronic health conditions facing the greatest risks.

Relief May Not Come Soon

Environment and Climate Change Canada expects above-average temperatures and continued dry weather across several regions through August.

Without widespread rainfall, officials believe wildfire activity could remain elevated for the remainder of the summer. While temporary improvements in air quality may occur as wind patterns shift, authorities caution that smoke will likely continue affecting large parts of Canada and the United States as long as hundreds of fires remain active.

The ongoing wildfire emergency highlights not only the growing challenges posed by extreme weather but also the increasing complexity of managing large-scale forest fires in a warming climate.

As governments across Europe, North America and parts of Asia accelerate plans to phase out internal combustion engine vehicles over the next decade, electric vehicles (EVs) have become the centerpiece of global climate policy. Policymakers argue that widespread EV adoption is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving net-zero targets. However, a growing debate is emerging over whether the transition is as environmentally sustainable as it appears.

While EVs eliminate tailpipe emissions and can significantly reduce carbon emissions when powered by cleaner electricity, critics argue that the environmental and human costs associated with the mining of critical battery minerals remain largely overlooked.

The Minerals Driving the EV Boom

Modern lithium-ion batteries depend heavily on minerals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite and rare earth elements. Demand for these resources has surged as governments introduce stricter emissions regulations and automotive manufacturers commit billions of dollars to EV production.

Countries including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Chile, Argentina, Indonesia and Australia have become central suppliers of these minerals, making resource extraction a key part of the global clean-energy transition.

Environmental Concerns Around Mining

Environmental groups and researchers have raised concerns about the ecological impact of large-scale mining operations.

Lithium extraction in South America's "Lithium Triangle" has been linked to high water consumption in arid regions, creating challenges for local communities and ecosystems. Nickel mining in Indonesia has been associated with deforestation, habitat loss and water pollution, while cobalt extraction in parts of the DRC has drawn criticism over environmental degradation and waste management practices.

Experts note that mining, regardless of the mineral involved, carries environmental consequences that require strong regulation and sustainable extraction methods.

Labour and Human Rights Issues

Human rights organisations have also documented concerns about labour conditions in parts of the global battery supply chain.

Reports have highlighted instances of unsafe working conditions, inadequate worker protections and, in some regions, allegations of child labour in artisanal cobalt mining. Governments, mining companies and battery manufacturers have faced increasing pressure to improve supply chain transparency and adopt responsible sourcing standards.

Many major automakers now require suppliers to meet environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria, although monitoring compliance across complex global supply chains remains a significant challenge.

A Shift Rather Than a Solution?

Some analysts argue that current climate policies risk shifting environmental burdens rather than eliminating them.

Their concern is that wealthier nations benefit from lower domestic emissions while much of the environmental impact of mineral extraction occurs in developing countries that supply the raw materials. According to this perspective, the global transition to electric mobility should account for the entire lifecycle of EV production, including mining, refining, manufacturing, vehicle use and battery recycling.

Others counter that, despite these challenges, numerous lifecycle assessments conclude that EVs generally produce lower greenhouse gas emissions over their lifetime than conventional petrol or diesel vehicles, particularly in regions with cleaner electricity grids. They argue that improving mining practices and expanding battery recycling are more effective solutions than slowing EV adoption.

Calls for a More Sustainable Supply Chain

Industry experts increasingly emphasise that the long-term success of electric mobility depends on making battery supply chains more sustainable.

Proposed measures include stricter environmental standards for mining, stronger labour protections, investment in battery recycling technologies, development of alternative battery chemistries with lower dependence on scarce minerals, and greater international cooperation on responsible sourcing.

As governments continue to promote electric vehicles as a key climate solution, the debate is shifting beyond emissions alone. Increasingly, policymakers, environmentalists and industry leaders are examining whether the clean-energy transition can balance climate goals with environmental protection, ethical sourcing and social responsibility throughout the global supply chain.

The discussion underscores that while electric vehicles remain an important tool for reducing transport emissions, ensuring that the transition is both environmentally and socially sustainable will require addressing the impacts of mineral extraction alongside the benefits of cleaner transportation.