There was a time when newspapers, television channels and public meetings largely influenced what people thought about politics, social issues and current affairs. Today, that role has increasingly shifted to smartphones. A trending hashtag, a viral reel or a 30-second video can influence millions of opinions before verified facts have a chance to emerge.

This transformation raises an important question: Has social media begun shaping public opinion too much?

The answer is not as simple as yes or no. Social media has undoubtedly democratized communication. It has given ordinary citizens a platform to express their views, question authorities and bring neglected issues into the national conversation. From disaster relief campaigns to social justice movements, digital platforms have amplified voices that might otherwise have remained unheard.

However, the same platforms have also become fertile ground for misinformation, emotional manipulation and digital polarization.

Unlike traditional media, where editorial checks exist before publication, social media allows anyone to become a publisher within seconds. While this openness is one of its greatest strengths, it is also its biggest weakness. False claims, edited videos and misleading headlines often travel faster than verified reports because they are designed to trigger emotional reactions rather than rational thinking.

Algorithms further complicate the problem. Most platforms prioritize content that generates engagement—likes, comments, shares and watch time. As a result, sensational, controversial and emotionally charged posts are more likely to appear in users' feeds than balanced or nuanced discussions. Over time, people may find themselves surrounded by opinions similar to their own, creating echo chambers where alternative viewpoints are rarely encountered.

Political discourse has been particularly affected. Election campaigns are no longer fought only through rallies and television debates. Digital advertisements, influencer campaigns, memes and viral videos now play a central role in shaping political narratives. Public perception can shift rapidly based on online trends, many of which may not accurately represent broader public sentiment.

The influence extends beyond politics. Consumer choices, financial decisions, health practices and even personal relationships are increasingly affected by social media content. A recommendation from a popular influencer can influence purchasing decisions more effectively than traditional advertising. Similarly, unverified medical advice circulating online has, at times, created confusion during public health crises.

Mental health is another area of concern. The pressure to conform to online trends, constant exposure to curated lifestyles and the fear of missing out can affect how individuals perceive themselves and the world around them. Public opinion is no longer shaped only by facts and debate but also by social validation measured in likes and shares.

Yet blaming social media alone would oversimplify the issue.

Ultimately, technology reflects how people use it. Social media has become an indispensable tool for education, entrepreneurship, emergency communication and civic participation. Journalists rely on it for breaking news, businesses use it to reach customers and governments use it to communicate directly with citizens. During natural disasters and emergencies, social media has often proven to be one of the fastest channels for disseminating critical information.

The challenge, therefore, is not to reduce social media's influence but to improve how society engages with it.

Digital literacy has become as essential as traditional literacy. Users must learn to verify sources, distinguish between opinion and fact, recognise manipulated content and question emotionally charged narratives before sharing them. Educational institutions, technology companies, governments and media organisations all have a role in fostering responsible digital behaviour.

Platforms, too, must continue strengthening transparency around algorithms, political advertising and content moderation while protecting freedom of expression. Striking this balance will remain one of the defining challenges of the digital era.

Social media is not inherently good or bad—it is extraordinarily powerful. Like any powerful tool, its impact depends on how responsibly it is used.

Public opinion has always evolved with advances in communication. The printing press, radio and television each transformed society in their time. Social media is simply the latest and perhaps the most influential chapter in that evolution.

The real question is no longer whether social media shapes public opinion. It clearly does. The more pressing question is whether citizens, institutions and platforms are prepared to ensure that this influence strengthens democracy and informed debate rather than weakening them.