Artificial intelligence is usually discussed through the language of jobs: Which professions will disappear? How many workers will AI replace? Will companies automate entire departments?

Those questions matter. But they may not capture the most consequential change AI is bringing to workplaces and institutions.

A quieter risk is emerging: people may gradually stop exercising the judgment they are ultimately expected to take responsibility for.

The danger is not necessarily that AI makes humans irrelevant. It is that humans remain formally responsible while becoming less involved in the thinking that produces important decisions.

When AI becomes the first answer

The convenience of generative AI creates a powerful behavioural incentive.

Why spend an hour researching, comparing evidence and developing an argument when an AI system can produce a plausible answer in seconds?

At first, this looks like productivity. Over time, however, repeated reliance can change how people approach difficult problems.

A recent 2026 study examining AI-assisted decision-making found that higher levels of automation were associated with lower internal responsibility attribution and reduced information processing. The researchers suggest that when people perceive an AI system as highly reliable or autonomous, they may monitor it less closely and increasingly shift responsibility toward the technology. (ScienceDirect)

That is a fundamentally different problem from job displacement.

A worker who loses a task to automation loses part of a job. A professional who stops developing the ability to evaluate that task may lose part of their expertise.

The ‘human in the loop’ may not be enough

Companies often respond to AI-risk concerns with a simple solution: keep a human in the loop.

But putting a person at the end of an AI workflow does not automatically create meaningful oversight.

Research published in AI and Ethics this year warns that human oversight can become little more than a rubber stamp if people lack the understanding, information or authority required to challenge an AI system. Meaningful oversight requires humans to understand outputs, evaluate them and intervene when necessary. (Springer)

This distinction matters.

A doctor who independently evaluates an AI-generated clinical suggestion is exercising judgment.

A manager who approves an AI-generated employee assessment without reading the underlying evidence is performing a procedural action.

Both have a human name attached to the decision. Only one represents meaningful human responsibility.

The apprenticeship problem

There is another layer that receives even less attention: how expertise is built.

Young professionals traditionally learn by doing the difficult, repetitive parts of a job.

A junior lawyer reads cases before writing arguments. A young doctor examines patients before developing clinical instincts. A junior journalist checks documents, calls sources and learns to distinguish an important fact from a trivial one.

These tasks may appear inefficient. But they are also training grounds for judgment.

If AI removes all of those early-stage tasks, organisations may become more productive today while weakening the pipeline of experienced professionals tomorrow.

A recent paper on AI and expertise formation argues that junior tasks do more than generate immediate output: they also develop question-setting, judgment and future expertise. Automating them without designing alternative learning mechanisms could therefore weaken the development of accountable professionals. (arXiv)

This is why the debate should not simply be about jobs versus machines.

It should also be about learning versus outsourcing.

Accountability cannot be automated

There is an uncomfortable contradiction at the centre of AI adoption.

Organisations want machines to make more decisions because machines are fast, scalable and relatively inexpensive. But when those decisions cause harm, societies still need to know who was responsible.

An AI system cannot meaningfully replace legal, professional or institutional accountability simply by being described as autonomous.

Recent discussions around AI agents have made this problem more immediate. As systems gain the ability to execute actions across digital environments rather than merely generate text, questions about authorisation, audit trails and responsibility become harder to ignore. (TechRadar)

The answer cannot be to blame “the algorithm”.

Someone designs the system. Someone deploys it. Someone determines what authority it receives. Someone decides whether its output requires verification.

What responsible AI adoption should look like

The solution is not to remove AI from professional life.

AI can improve productivity, expand access to information and help people make better decisions. The objective should instead be to design workflows in which AI strengthens human judgment rather than replacing the process through which judgment is developed.

That means creating deliberate checkpoints for high-stakes decisions, maintaining audit trails, requiring people to explain important decisions and ensuring that professionals retain opportunities to practise core skills.

Human oversight should also be targeted rather than ceremonial. Recent work on AI-agent workflows recommends checkpoints before consequential actions, intervention when ambiguity or risk emerges, review before outputs are released and periodic quality checks for system drift. (Express Computer)

The real question is not whether AI can decide

The most important AI question may therefore be changing.

Instead of asking only, “Can AI do this task?”, organisations should ask:

“If AI does this task for five years, will humans still know how to do it, challenge it and take responsibility for the outcome?”

That is a harder question because it forces businesses, governments and educational institutions to look beyond immediate productivity.

AI may indeed eliminate some jobs. But the deeper institutional risk is more subtle: a world where humans remain officially accountable while gradually losing the confidence, experience and critical judgment needed to exercise that accountability.

The future of responsible AI will not be determined simply by how intelligent machines become.

It will depend on whether human judgment remains strong enough to question them.

 The United Nations is set to convene the inaugural Global Dialogue on AI Governance in Geneva on July 6 and 7, bringing together governments, international organisations, industry leaders, academics and civil society representatives to shape a more inclusive global framework for artificial intelligence (AI) governance.

Established by the UN General Assembly under the Global Digital Compact, the Dialogue is designed to serve as the United Nations' primary platform for international cooperation on AI governance. The initiative aims to ensure that every country—regardless of its level of technological advancement—has an opportunity to participate in discussions on the future of artificial intelligence.

The two-day meeting will focus on balancing AI's transformative potential with the challenges it poses to societies, economies and global security. Delegates are expected to exchange best practices, promote international cooperation and explore policy approaches for the responsible development and deployment of AI technologies.

The event will feature participation from senior UN officials, including United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres and President of the UN General Assembly Annalena Baerbock, along with government representatives from across the world. The Dialogue will also include leading voices from the private sector, academia and civil society.

According to the UN, discussions will centre on four major thematic areas. These include understanding AI's social, economic, ethical and cultural implications; bridging global AI divides through capacity-building and digital infrastructure; promoting safe, secure and trustworthy AI systems; and ensuring transparency, accountability, human oversight and respect for human rights in AI governance.

A key objective of the Dialogue is to support developing countries by improving access to AI technologies, strengthening digital infrastructure and promoting international collaboration on open-source AI models and technical capacity building.

The Global Dialogue also seeks to complement existing international AI initiatives by providing a universal platform where governments can work towards interoperable and compatible approaches to AI regulation without duplicating ongoing efforts.

The first session in Geneva will be followed by a second Global Dialogue on AI Governance scheduled to take place in New York in May 2027, continuing the UN's efforts to establish long-term international cooperation on artificial intelligence.

The initiative stems from commitments made under the Global Digital Compact, adopted during the 2024 Summit of the Future, which called for a coordinated global approach to ensure AI technologies are developed and used responsibly, safely and for the benefit of all nations.

As artificial intelligence continues to reshape industries, economies and public services worldwide, the UN says the Dialogue represents a significant step towards building a transparent, inclusive and globally coordinated governance framework capable of addressing both the opportunities and risks presented by rapidly evolving AI technologies.