Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin are holding bilateral talks in New Delhi ahead of the 18th BRICS Summit, with defence cooperation, trade, energy and technology expected to dominate the agenda.

Putin arrived in the national capital on Friday for a three-day visit to attend the BRICS summit, which will be held at Bharat Mandapam on September 12 and 13. The Russian president is also scheduled to participate in the BRICS Business Forum and visit the INNOPROM exhibition with Modi. 

Su-57 Proposal Could Be Key Defence Focus

One of the most closely watched issues is Russia's proposal to sell India its Su-57 fifth-generation fighter aircraft and deepen cooperation around domestic production and technology.

The Su-57 is Russia's fifth-generation stealth fighter, designed with reduced radar detectability and advanced avionics and weapons capabilities. However, reports about discussions around the aircraft should not be interpreted as confirmation that India has agreed to purchase or manufacture the fighter. (Financial Times)

Russia has been pitching the Su-57 to India as part of a broader effort to move the bilateral defence relationship towards greater technology cooperation and local manufacturing.

S-400 Delivery and BrahMos Upgrade Also on Agenda

The two leaders are also expected to discuss the remaining phase of India's S-400 air-defence system deliveries.

The next-generation BrahMos programme is another important area of cooperation. India and Russia are considering upgrades to the missile system, with discussions also focusing on deeper joint development and production.

The proposed BrahMos-NG is expected to be lighter than the existing BrahMos and could expand the missile's integration options across Indian combat aircraft.

Defence Relationship Moving Beyond Buyer-Seller Model

The talks come as New Delhi and Moscow seek to deepen their long-standing strategic partnership.

Indian and Russian officials have increasingly emphasised joint production, technology cooperation and industrial partnerships rather than a relationship based only on India's purchase of Russian military equipment.

The possible Su-57 cooperation and BrahMos upgrades fit into this broader direction, although the final terms of any agreement will depend on negotiations.

Trade Target of $100 Billion by 2030

Economic cooperation is expected to be another major component of the Modi-Putin discussions.

India and Russia have set an objective of taking bilateral trade to $100 billion by 2030. The two sides are also looking at improving market access for Indian companies in Russia, strengthening investment links and expanding cooperation in energy and other sectors. 

Areas expected to receive attention include nuclear energy, transport, industrial cooperation, critical minerals and the movement of skilled Indian workers to Russia.

Nuclear Energy and New Projects

Civil nuclear cooperation is another important part of the relationship.

Russia's state nuclear corporation Rosatom has been involved in India's Kudankulam nuclear power project, and the two countries are exploring possibilities for further nuclear cooperation, including additional power-generation capacity.

Russian officials have also indicated that discussions on new nuclear plants are expected as part of the wider bilateral engagement.

Rupee-Rouble Trade and Connectivity

Payment mechanisms are likely to feature in the economic discussions as India and Russia seek ways to facilitate bilateral trade using national currencies.

The two countries are also interested in improving transport connectivity. The International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and the proposed Chennai-Vladivostok maritime route are among the connectivity initiatives that could help reduce logistical barriers to India-Russia trade.

A Significant Meeting Ahead of BRICS Summit

The Modi-Putin meeting comes just weeks after the two leaders held talks on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit. At that meeting, they reviewed cooperation across defence, energy, space, transport and other sectors.

The latest meeting therefore provides another opportunity for the two sides to take stock of their strategic partnership at a time of major geopolitical and economic uncertainty.

The immediate focus will be on whether the talks produce concrete movement on defence proposals such as the Su-57, the remaining S-400 delivery and BrahMos development, while simultaneously giving fresh momentum to the India-Russia trade and energy relationship.

India’s defence export ambitions could soon get another boost with the emergence of the Kal drone, an indigenous long-range loitering munition developed by Odisha-based defence startup IG Defence.

The Shahed-class one-way attack drone is reportedly attracting interest from several Gulf countries, potentially opening a new market for Indian-made autonomous strike systems.

The development comes as India continues to expand its defence manufacturing and export footprint. According to the Defence Ministry, India's defence exports reached a record ₹38,424 crore in 2025-26, marking a 62.66 per cent increase over the previous financial year.

The Kal could become another prominent export product alongside systems such as the BrahMos missile, which has emerged as one of India's best-known defence exports.

What Is the Kal Drone?

Developed by IG Defence, the Kal is a long-range, one-way attack drone designed for deep-strike missions.

Its operational concept is broadly similar to other loitering munitions, including Iran's Shahed family of drones. The system can reportedly remain airborne over a designated area before identifying or engaging a target.

According to specifications provided by IG Defence, the Kal has an operational range of up to 1,000 kilometres and an endurance of approximately seven to eight hours.

The company says the drone can carry a 50-kg payload and cruise at around 160 kmph, with a maximum speed of approximately 200 kmph.

It is designed to operate at altitudes of up to 5,000 metres above mean sea level.

Designed for Deep-Strike Missions

The Kal is intended to target high-value assets at operational depth.

According to IG Defence, its potential targets include infrastructure, radar installations, air-defence systems and soft or semi-hardened military targets.

The drone features an advanced guidance and navigation system intended to support autonomous flight during missions.

As a loitering munition, the system can remain in an area before conducting a strike, potentially allowing operators greater flexibility compared with conventional fixed-flight-path weapons.

The company also says the Kal can be launched using rocket-assisted take-off systems or vehicles, giving operators different deployment options.

Gulf Nations Show Interest

Interest in the Kal is reportedly growing outside India, particularly among countries in the Gulf and other strategically important regions.

IG Defence said on August 5 that it was in advanced discussions with multiple Gulf countries regarding possible procurement.

People associated with the company said talks were at an advanced stage and that some agreements could potentially be concluded during the current financial year.

If successful, the deals could result in the first overseas consignments of the Kal being exported from India.

However, any such export would remain subject to Government of India approvals and applicable defence export regulations.

Why the Gulf Market Matters

The reported interest comes at a time when military planners worldwide are paying greater attention to relatively affordable long-range unmanned systems.

Recent conflicts have demonstrated how drones can be used for surveillance, precision strikes and attacks against military infrastructure without exposing pilots to direct combat risks.

The wider conflict environment in West Asia has also highlighted the demand for autonomous systems capable of operating over long distances.

For India, securing export orders for the Kal could strengthen the country's position in the international unmanned systems market.

Following the BrahMos Model

The Kal is being discussed as a potential future defence export success story similar to BrahMos.

Jointly developed by India's DRDO and Russia's NPO Mashinostroyenia, BrahMos has become one of India's most prominent defence exports.

The missile's combination of speed, precision and multi-platform launch capability has contributed to its international appeal.

India's growing defence export portfolio now includes missiles, artillery systems, radars, electronic systems, protective equipment and unmanned platforms.

The government's push to increase domestic defence manufacturing has also encouraged private companies and startups to develop products for both Indian and international markets.

Export Potential and Challenges

Despite the reported foreign interest, the Kal's emergence as a major export product will depend on several factors.

Potential customers would need to assess its performance, reliability, navigation capabilities and operational effectiveness through testing and evaluation.

The company will also have to secure the necessary regulatory clearances before exporting the system.

IG Defence has said that, subject to government approvals, the Kal could contribute to India's objective of becoming a trusted supplier of indigenous defence technology to friendly foreign countries.

India’s Defence Export Push

India's record defence exports indicate a broader shift from its traditional position as a major defence importer towards becoming a supplier of military equipment.

The government has set ambitious targets for domestic defence production and exports, while private-sector participation has expanded significantly.

If IG Defence succeeds in securing international orders for the Kal, the drone could become an important example of how India's private defence industry is moving into advanced unmanned and autonomous weapons technology.

For now, the Kal remains an emerging system with export discussions underway. But if the reported Gulf interest translates into contracts, the drone could become one of the more significant additions to India's growing defence export portfolio.

India has significantly strengthened the security of the strategically vital Siliguri Corridor, long known as the country's "Chicken's Neck," through new military deployments, advanced air defence systems and infrastructure upgrades. The developments come as the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully tested its Kusha air defence missile system, while neighbouring Pakistan faces growing political and security challenges in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) and Balochistan.

The latest military and strategic developments underline India's focus on enhancing border security amid evolving regional security dynamics.

Siliguri Corridor Gets Stronger Military Shield

The Siliguri Corridor, a narrow stretch of land in West Bengal that connects India's northeastern states with the rest of the country, has long been regarded as one of India's most sensitive strategic zones.

At its narrowest point, the corridor measures only about 22 kilometres and is surrounded by Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and China's Chumbi Valley.

To reinforce the region, the Indian Army has established three new military stations:

• Lachit Borphukan Military Station (Assam): Strengthens logistics for the eastern theatre.
• Kishanganj Military Station (Bihar): Monitors the western approach towards the corridor.
• Chopra Military Station (West Bengal): Enhances surveillance close to the international border.

These facilities complement existing Border Security Force (BSF) deployments, significantly improving monitoring and operational readiness.

Army officials are increasingly referring to the corridor as the "Elephant's Trunk," reflecting greater confidence in its strengthened defences.

Advanced Weapons Deployed Near Chumbi Valley

India has also enhanced military capabilities in the region by deploying advanced assets under the Trishakti Corps.

These include:

• S-400 air defence missile systems
• BrahMos supersonic cruise missile regiments
• Rafale fighter aircraft operating from Hasimara Air Base

The deployments are aimed at strengthening India's preparedness along the China-facing frontier, particularly around the strategically significant Chumbi Valley, which was at the centre of the 2017 Doklam standoff.

Military planners believe the combination of long-range missiles, integrated radar coverage and modern fighter aircraft substantially improves India's defensive posture.

Alternative Connectivity Reduces Strategic Vulnerability

India has also developed alternate connectivity routes to reduce dependence on the Siliguri Corridor.

Projects such as the Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project through Myanmar, along with new railway and highway links to the Northeast, provide additional logistical options should the corridor ever face disruption.

These alternate routes enhance strategic flexibility and reduce the risks associated with relying on a single land corridor.

DRDO Successfully Tests Kusha Air Defence Missile

In another major defence milestone, DRDO successfully conducted a test of the indigenous Kusha air defence missile system.

The interceptor reportedly achieved a direct hit on its intended target, demonstrating India's growing capability in developing long-range air defence technologies.

The Kusha system is being developed as India's indigenous long-range air defence platform and is expected to strengthen protection against enemy aircraft, cruise missiles and certain ballistic missile threats once fully operational.

The successful trial represents another step toward greater self-reliance in defence technology under India's indigenous defence programmes.

Pakistan Faces Political Turmoil in PoK

While India continues strengthening its defence capabilities, Pakistan is dealing with growing political unrest in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK).

Reports suggest former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif is seeking a leadership role in PoK, a move that has sparked political debate because of constitutional provisions concerning domicile requirements.

The issue comes amid continuing protests, economic grievances and security restrictions in the region.

India has consistently maintained that the entire Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh, including areas under Pakistan's control, are integral parts of India.

Balochistan Remains Under Pressure

Pakistan is also facing intensified insurgent activity in Balochistan, where militant attacks targeting security forces have increased in recent months.

The violence has reportedly prompted calls for additional security measures and renewed discussions over the province's stability.

Analysts believe the deteriorating security situation poses another major challenge for Islamabad as it simultaneously deals with political tensions and economic pressures.

India Reiterates Position on Kashmir and Terrorism

At the United Nations Security Council, India recently reaffirmed its long-standing position that Jammu and Kashmir is an internal matter and rejected Pakistan's attempts to internationalise the issue.

India also reiterated that meaningful dialogue cannot proceed while cross-border terrorism continues.

On the Indus Waters Treaty, New Delhi maintained that restoring trust requires credible action against terrorism before normal engagement can resume.

 Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Wednesday visited the historic Prambanan Temple, Indonesia's largest Hindu temple complex, where he joined Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto to inaugurate a major conservation and restoration project. The visit highlighted the deep civilisational and cultural ties between India and Indonesia, while also reinforcing their growing strategic partnership in the Indo-Pacific region.

During his visit to the nearly 1,000-year-old UNESCO World Heritage temple complex, the Prime Minister participated in the temple aarti, received blessings from priests and toured the restored sections of the monument. Speaking at the event, Modi described the visit as a personal and spiritual milestone, saying he had been fortunate throughout his public life to remain connected with Lord Shiva through several sacred sites.

"I have always had the opportunity to be associated with Lord Shiva in one form or another. After Somnath, Kashi Vishwanath, Kedarnath Dham and Mahakal Temple in Ujjain, it is my good fortune to contribute to the development of the Prambanan Temple," the Prime Minister said.

Ancient Temple Gets New Conservation Push

Prambanan, built in the ninth century, is Indonesia's largest Hindu temple complex and is dedicated to the Trimurti—Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu and Lord Brahma. The towering 47-metre Shiva Temple dominates the complex, while intricate stone carvings depict episodes from the Ramayana and other Hindu scriptures.

The restoration project inaugurated by the two leaders is aimed at preserving the architectural and cultural heritage of one of Southeast Asia's most significant Hindu monuments. Modi later shared aerial visuals of the temple complex, calling it a symbol of the enduring cultural links between India and Indonesia.

India-Indonesia Partnership Expands

The temple visit came a day after India and Indonesia announced a series of strategic initiatives aimed at strengthening bilateral ties.

Among the major outcomes was a defence agreement worth approximately ₹5,500 crore, under which Indonesia will procure BrahMos and Astra missile systems from India for the first time. India will also assist Indonesia in developing the strategically important Sabang Port, located near the Strait of Malacca, one of the world's busiest maritime trade routes.

President Prabowo Subianto praised Modi's leadership, saying the Indian Prime Minister had made a significant contribution to elevating relations between the two countries.

Digital India and Economic Progress

Addressing members of the Indian community and local dignitaries, Modi highlighted India's rapid digital transformation and economic growth.

He said nearly half of the world's digital transactions now take place in India, with over 750 million digital payments being made every month. The Prime Minister also pointed to improvements in higher education rankings, semiconductor manufacturing, connectivity and infrastructure as examples of India's development journey.

According to Modi, India's growth is being driven by the vision of inclusive development under the principle of "Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas."

Focus on Indo-Pacific Cooperation

The Prime Minister also underlined Indonesia's strategic importance in the Indo-Pacific region, noting its close geographical proximity to India's Great Nicobar Island.

He said India is expanding its maritime capabilities by developing new ports, shipping routes and logistics infrastructure, adding that Indonesia remains one of India's closest and most trusted partners in the region.

The visit comes at a time when geopolitical attention remains focused on the Indo-Pacific due to China's expanding military and maritime activities in the South China Sea. India and Indonesia have increasingly strengthened cooperation on maritime security, regional stability and economic connectivity as part of their broader strategic partnership.

Australia Visit Next

Following the conclusion of his Indonesia visit, Prime Minister Modi is scheduled to travel to Melbourne, Australia, for a three-day official visit from July 8 to 10 at the invitation of Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese.

During the visit, Modi will hold bilateral talks with Australian leaders, meet Governor-General Sam Mostyn, participate in the India-Australia CEO Forum, interact with business leaders, and address the Indian diaspora, with discussions expected to focus on trade, critical minerals, defence cooperation and Indo-Pacific security.