The 26th Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit began in Kyrgyzstan’s capital Bishkek on Tuesday, September 1, with heads of state and senior leaders gathering for discussions on regional security, connectivity, economic cooperation and other issues of common interest.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is representing India at the summit, which is being hosted by Kyrgyzstan from August 31 to September 1. The meeting is taking place at a time of significant geopolitical and economic developments across the Eurasian region and marks the 25th anniversary of the SCO. 

Leaders gather in Bishkek

Leaders of SCO member countries have assembled in Bishkek for the high-level meeting, with the summit providing a platform for discussions on regional and international issues.

The SCO was established in 2001 and has expanded over the years to include 10 member states. India became a full member of the organisation in 2017, making the grouping an important platform for New Delhi’s engagement with Central Asia and other Eurasian countries. 

The summit proceedings include round-table discussions among participating leaders, with security, economic cooperation and regional connectivity among the issues receiving attention.

PM Modi to present India’s priorities

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is scheduled to address the summit and present India’s priorities within the SCO framework.

According to the Ministry of External Affairs, India’s priorities at the forum centre on Security, Connectivity and Opportunity. New Delhi has consistently emphasised the importance of combating terrorism and strengthening regional cooperation while promoting greater connectivity and economic engagement. 

India’s participation also comes as New Delhi seeks to deepen its engagement with Central Asian countries and strengthen economic and strategic partnerships across the region.

Security remains a key issue

Regional security is expected to remain an important theme at the summit. The SCO has traditionally focused on counter-terrorism, extremism, separatism and other transnational security challenges.

India has repeatedly called for zero tolerance towards terrorism and stressed the need for greater international cooperation against terrorism and its financing.

The wider geopolitical situation is also expected to shape discussions among the participating leaders.

Connectivity and economic cooperation

Connectivity and economic cooperation are other major areas of India's engagement with the SCO.

New Delhi has advocated stronger transport and trade links with Central Asia and the wider Eurasian region. India also sees the SCO as a platform to expand cooperation in areas such as trade, technology, investment, energy and sustainable development.

Greater connectivity with Central Asian economies remains an important element of India's broader regional outreach.

Modi holds bilateral meetings on sidelines

The SCO summit is also providing an opportunity for Prime Minister Modi to hold bilateral discussions with other participating leaders.

Before the main summit proceedings, Modi met Kyrgyz President Sadyr Zhaparov and Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan in Bishkek. The meetings focused on strengthening bilateral relations and exploring cooperation in areas of mutual interest. 

Modi also met Russian President Vladimir Putin in Bishkek. During their talks, the Indian Prime Minister reiterated India's position that the conflict in Ukraine should end and stressed the importance of peace and dialogue. 

SCO marks 25 years

The 26th summit carries additional significance as the SCO completes 25 years.

For India, the Bishkek meeting provides an opportunity to reinforce its engagement with Central Asia while putting forward its positions on security, connectivity and economic cooperation.

The discussions in Bishkek are expected to shape the organisation's priorities and cooperation agenda as member states seek greater coordination on regional and international challenges.

Preparations have been completed at Bishkek’s Yrys Ordo Congress Hall ahead of the 26th Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi set to represent India at the high-level meeting on Tuesday.

The summit, being hosted by Kyrgyzstan on August 31 and September 1, brings together leaders of SCO member states to discuss regional security, connectivity, economic cooperation and other issues affecting the wider Eurasian region. The 2026 meeting also marks the 25th anniversary of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

Yrys Ordo Congress Hall ready for leaders

The Yrys Ordo Congress Hall has been prepared to host the summit, with security and other arrangements put in place ahead of the arrival and participation of leaders and delegations.

Bishkek has been preparing for the major diplomatic gathering, which is expected to bring together heads of state and senior representatives from across the SCO grouping.

The venue will serve as the principal location for the summit’s high-level proceedings.

PM Modi to address the SCO Summit

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is scheduled to address the summit on September 1. According to the Indian government, he will highlight three broad priorities at the forum — Security, Connectivity and Opportunity.

Security is expected to remain a key part of India’s message, particularly in the context of terrorism and other transnational challenges facing the region. India has consistently called for stronger cooperation among SCO members against terrorism, separatism and extremism.

Connectivity and economic cooperation

Connectivity is another important area for India at the SCO. New Delhi has been advocating improved transport and economic links across Central Asia and the wider region.

India’s participation also comes with an emphasis on creating greater opportunities for trade, investment, technology and development among SCO countries.

The grouping provides India with a platform to engage with major regional economies while strengthening its relationships with Central Asian countries.

India has been SCO member since 2017

India became a full member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in 2017. Since then, the grouping has become an important part of India's engagement with Central Asia and the broader Eurasian region.

The SCO currently includes 10 member countries, including India, China, Russia, Pakistan, Iran and the Central Asian states.

For New Delhi, the organisation provides a multilateral platform to discuss security concerns as well as economic and connectivity issues.

Summit comes amid wider regional challenges

The Bishkek summit is taking place against the backdrop of conflicts and geopolitical tensions in different parts of the world.

India has maintained that dialogue and diplomacy remain important for resolving international disputes. PM Modi’s meetings on the sidelines of the summit are also expected to provide opportunities to discuss bilateral and regional issues with other participating leaders.

Before the summit, Modi held bilateral discussions with leaders including Kyrgyz President Sadyr Zhaparov and Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan.

25 years of the SCO

The 26th SCO Summit has additional significance as the organisation completes 25 years.

For India, the summit provides an opportunity to reinforce its priorities on regional security, stronger connectivity and economic opportunities while engaging with other major Eurasian powers.

PM Modi’s address at the Yrys Ordo Congress Hall will therefore be closely watched for India's position on regional security, connectivity and cooperation within the SCO framework.

The Central Government has conveyed a strong message to Meta that digital platforms operating in India must comply with Indian laws and cannot function based on American legal standards, following the controversy over the temporary restriction of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's video on Facebook.

According to government sources, the issue prompted the Centre to seek an explanation from Meta, summon its senior executives and demand an apology after the Prime Minister's video was briefly restricted on the platform.

The matter has become a key point of discussion between the government and Meta as India steps up scrutiny of content moderation practices followed by global technology companies.

Centre's Clear Message

Sources told CNN-News18 that the government's actions were intended to reinforce that social media companies operating in India are bound by the country's legal framework.

"Platforms cannot be run in India as per US law. Every platform has a responsibility towards Indian society and must function according to Indian laws," sources said.

Officials maintained that digital intermediaries, like all other institutions operating in the country, are expected to comply with domestic regulations.

Meta Executives Meet Government

Meta's senior leadership, including Chief Global Affairs Officer Joel Kaplan, is currently in India to hold discussions with government officials following the controversy.

The Centre reportedly questioned the company on how its content moderation systems flagged the Prime Minister's video and sought details of the safeguards that would be introduced to prevent similar incidents in the future.

Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg has also apologised over the incident, while the company attributed the temporary restriction to an unintended technical error.

The video, which was shared by Prime Minister Modi during protests led by the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP), has since been restored and is currently available on Facebook.

More Meetings Planned

Government sources said three to four additional meetings with Meta representatives are expected in the coming days.

Apart from the Facebook controversy, the discussions are likely to cover issues related to WhatsApp and other Meta-owned platforms. Officials are also expected to examine the company's compliance with India's regulatory expectations.

Focus on Child Safety and AI Content

The meetings have also included discussions on child sexual abuse material (CSAM), AI-generated deepfakes and broader concerns surrounding content moderation across Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp.

The government has reportedly sought details of Meta's mechanisms to detect illegal content, prevent misuse of artificial intelligence and strengthen safeguards for verified public figures.

Broader Regulatory Oversight

Sources added that the government remains in regular contact with other major digital platforms, including X and Telegram, on issues related to online safety, platform accountability and compliance with Indian laws.

The latest developments come amid increasing regulatory scrutiny of global technology companies as India pushes for greater transparency, stronger content moderation practices and adherence to domestic legal requirements.

 Hyderabad Cyber Crime Police have registered an FIR against Meta India Head Arun Srinivas, along with several social media users, in connection with the circulation of allegedly AI-generated and morphed videos featuring Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Facebook and Instagram.

The investigation aims to identify the origin of the videos, trace those responsible for creating and sharing the content, and determine whether the material was intended to mislead the public or violate provisions of the law.

The development comes amid heightened scrutiny of artificial intelligence-generated content and the responsibility of social media platforms to prevent the spread of manipulated digital material.

Two Cases Registered in Hyderabad

According to police officials, two separate cases have been registered following complaints submitted by BJP workers. The FIRs have been filed under relevant provisions of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) and the Information Technology Act.

Investigators have named the handlers of the social media accounts involved, while Meta India Head Arun Srinivas has been listed as a co-accused in both cases. Authorities clarified that the investigation is at a preliminary stage and no conclusions have been reached regarding individual liability.

Focus on AI Content Moderation

Cyber Crime Police are examining how the AI-generated videos were created, uploaded and circulated across Meta-owned platforms, including Facebook and Instagram.

Officials are also reviewing the effectiveness of Meta's content moderation systems and safeguards designed to detect and remove manipulated or misleading AI-generated material. The inquiry seeks to determine whether existing mechanisms were adequate to prevent the videos from gaining traction online.

Police have issued notices to Meta seeking information related to the flagged content, platform policies and moderation processes.

Investigation Linked to Protest Videos

Preliminary findings suggest that the disputed videos began circulating around the time of a student demonstration held at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi. Investigators are attempting to establish whether the edited clips originated from the protest and whether they were subsequently altered using artificial intelligence tools before being widely shared.

Police said efforts are underway to identify individuals behind the accounts involved and collect digital evidence as part of the investigation.

Meta Officials Respond to Notice

Sources familiar with the matter said Hyderabad Police had earlier summoned Meta representatives to explain the company's systems for identifying AI-generated scams, misleading advertisements and manipulated digital content.

Following the registration of the FIR, company representatives reportedly appeared before investigators and provided details regarding Meta's compliance measures and content moderation policies. The company has not issued an official public statement on the FIR.

Separate Zero FIR Registered in Noida

In a related development, Noida Police have registered a Zero FIR against a woman accused of using objectionable language against the Prime Minister during the Jantar Mantar protest.

The complaint was lodged by a Ghaziabad resident, following which a case was registered at the Expressway Police Station in Noida.

Police have invoked provisions of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita relating to alleged acts affecting public order and defamation. The Zero FIR will be transferred to the jurisdictional police station for further investigation.

Government Tightens Focus on AI Content

The latest action comes as the Central Government continues to seek explanations from Meta regarding the temporary removal of one of the Prime Minister's official social media posts earlier this month. The company had attributed the incident to a technical issue involving its automated AI moderation system and subsequently restored the content.

Government officials have indicated that additional information has been sought from the platform regarding its AI-based moderation processes and safeguards against erroneous removals and manipulated content.

Growing Challenge of AI-Generated Deepfakes

Artificial intelligence and deepfake technology now make it possible to generate highly realistic videos by replicating an individual's facial expressions, voice and mannerisms. Such content can be difficult to distinguish from authentic footage and has increasingly raised concerns about misinformation, online fraud and reputational harm.

Experts say the rapid evolution of generative AI has intensified calls for stronger platform accountability, improved detection systems and greater public awareness about digitally manipulated content.

Amid growing concerns over paper leak incidents in competitive examinations across the country, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has reaffirmed the Centre's commitment to ensuring a secure, transparent, and foolproof examination system. Addressing the NDA Parliamentary Party meeting on Tuesday, the Prime Minister said the future of India's youth remains the government's highest priority and warned that those responsible for paper leaks would face strict legal action.

According to Parliamentary Affairs Minister Kiren Rijiju, who briefed the media after the meeting, the Prime Minister emphasized that any attempt to compromise the integrity of examinations would not be tolerated. He said the government is taking continuous steps to strengthen the examination system and prevent such incidents from recurring.

'Students' Future Cannot Be Compromised'

During his address, Prime Minister Modi said millions of young aspirants spend years preparing for competitive examinations, and paper leak incidents unfairly undermine their hard work and aspirations.

He stated that the government views examination integrity not merely as a law-and-order issue but as a matter directly linked to the trust of young people and the nation's future.

"The guilty will not be spared under any circumstances," the Prime Minister reportedly said, adding that strict punishment for offenders is essential to safeguard the credibility of the examination process.

Call for Centre-State Coordination

The Prime Minister urged both the Centre and state governments to work together to strengthen examination security and improve transparency.

He highlighted the need for better coordination in areas such as question paper security, digital monitoring, secure examination logistics, and transparent recruitment processes to minimise the possibility of future leaks.

He also appealed to Members of Parliament to rise above political differences and support reforms aimed at protecting students' interests and strengthening the credibility of the country's examination system.

Reference to NEET and Other Cases

During the meeting, Prime Minister Modi referred to recent paper leak controversies, including those related to the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) and other competitive examinations.

He said individuals responsible for jeopardising students' futures would be brought to justice through legal means and assured that investigative agencies are closely monitoring the cases.

The Prime Minister stressed that strong legal prosecution and effective coordination between investigating agencies, prosecutors, and the judicial system are necessary to ensure timely punishment for those involved in examination fraud.

Youth Driving India's Growth

Apart from examination reforms, the Prime Minister also praised the achievements of India's youth in sectors such as science, technology, innovation, startups, space research, and entrepreneurship.

He said young Indians are making the country proud on the global stage and reiterated the government's commitment to creating better opportunities for them.

Modi also encouraged MPs to highlight the success stories of Indian startups and innovators in their constituencies, saying these achievements have strengthened confidence among the country's youth and enhanced India's global reputation.

Focus on Innovation and Space Sector

The Prime Minister noted that India's young scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs are achieving remarkable success at an early age. He said innovation and technological excellence are helping India emerge as a global leader in several strategic sectors.

He described the country's youth as the driving force behind India's future growth and said the government remains committed to creating an environment where talent can flourish without unfair obstacles.

Growing Demand for Examination Reforms

The Prime Minister's remarks come at a time when several paper leak incidents have triggered nationwide debate over the credibility of competitive examinations.

Governments and examining agencies have been under increasing pressure to strengthen security mechanisms, adopt advanced technological safeguards, and ensure greater accountability in the conduct of examinations.

The Centre has indicated that reforms aimed at making the examination system more transparent, secure, and trustworthy will continue to remain a policy priority.

Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) chief Sharad Pawar met Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Parliament on Wednesday morning, with his daughter and party MP Supriya Sule also present during the meeting. Pawar handed over a letter to the Prime Minister, though neither side has revealed the contents of the communication or the issues discussed.

The meeting comes just a day after Pawar visited the Cockroach Janata Party (CJP) protest site at Jantar Mantar, where he met the party's founder Abhijeet Dipke, adding to political interest surrounding his recent engagements.

Letter Submitted to Prime Minister

During the meeting inside Parliament, Sharad Pawar was seen greeting Prime Minister Modi before presenting him with a letter.

While photographs of the interaction were released, there has been no official statement from the Prime Minister's Office or the NCP (SP) regarding the agenda or outcome of the discussion.

The absence of details has led to political speculation, particularly as Parliament continues to witness debates over several key legislative and political issues.

Meeting Comes After Visit to CJP Protest

On the previous day, Sharad Pawar visited the ongoing CJP protest at Jantar Mantar, where he met party founder Abhijeet Dipke.

During the visit, Dipke came down from the protest stage to receive Pawar, highlighting the veteran leader's engagement with the protest movement that has become a major political issue in the national capital.

Pawar's back-to-back meetings with opposition protesters and the Prime Minister have drawn significant political attention.

Speculation Over Delimitation Bill

The Parliament meeting has reignited speculation about the NCP (SP)'s position on the proposed delimitation bill and its future political strategy.

Political observers believe the Centre may seek broader support if the legislation is introduced in Parliament. The NCP (SP), which has eight Lok Sabha MPs, could play a role in the numbers required for the passage of significant legislation.

However, no official confirmation has linked Wednesday's meeting to the proposed bill.

Supriya Sule Rules Out NDA Entry

Earlier, Supriya Sule indicated that the party could consider supporting the proposed delimitation legislation if the government provides a written assurance that the total number of Lok Sabha seats would be increased by 50 percent.

At the same time, she categorically ruled out any possibility of the NCP (SP) joining the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) or merging with it.

Her statement has attempted to distance the party from speculation about any immediate political realignment.

Modi and Pawar Share Long-Standing Personal Equation

Despite remaining political rivals for decades, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Sharad Pawar have maintained a cordial personal relationship.

Over the years, both leaders have publicly acknowledged each other's political experience and have met on several occasions to discuss issues related to governance and Maharashtra.

In 2017, the Modi government conferred the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honour, on Sharad Pawar. Earlier, during a visit to Baramati in 2015, Prime Minister Modi had praised Pawar's political experience despite their differences.

Political Rivalry Continues

Although the two leaders have maintained cordial personal ties, they have frequently exchanged sharp political criticism during election campaigns.

During the 2014 Maharashtra Assembly elections, Prime Minister Modi strongly criticised the NCP, while Sharad Pawar has repeatedly questioned several policies of the BJP-led Central government.

With no official details emerging from Wednesday's meeting, political circles are expected to closely watch the NCP (SP)'s next moves both inside and outside Parliament.

A massive landslide at an under-construction tunnel in Sikkim's Namchi district has claimed the lives of 10 construction workers, while 17 others remain trapped more than 24 hours after the incident. Rescue operations are continuing under challenging conditions as suspected methane gas leaks and heavy debris have significantly slowed efforts to reach those still inside the tunnel.

According to Namchi Superintendent of Police Sonam Dolma, rescue teams recovered 10 bodies by Tuesday, while three victims are yet to be identified. The deceased belonged to West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Assam, and Sikkim. Authorities have not ruled out the possibility that the number of trapped workers could change as rescue operations progress.

PM Modi Announces Ex-Gratia for Victims

Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed grief over the tragedy and announced an ex-gratia of ₹2 lakh from the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund (PMNRF) for the next of kin of each deceased worker. Injured workers will receive ₹50,000 as financial assistance.

The Prime Minister also conveyed condolences to the bereaved families and expressed hope for the safe rescue of those still trapped inside the tunnel.

President Murmu, Amit Shah Express Condolences

President Droupadi Murmu described the incident as deeply tragic and extended her heartfelt condolences to the families of the victims.

In a message posted on X, she said she was deeply saddened by the loss of lives and prayed for the speedy rescue and safe evacuation of the remaining workers, along with the quick recovery of those injured.

Union Home Minister Amit Shah also spoke with Sikkim Chief Minister Prem Singh Tamang to review the rescue operations and assured all possible assistance from the Centre.

Methane Gas Leak Hampers Rescue Operations

The landslide struck the Samardung Tunnel in the Mamring area of Namchi district at around 3:40 pm on Monday, causing a massive cave-in and completely blocking the tunnel entrance.

District Collector Anupa Tamling said rescue efforts have become extremely difficult due to the accumulation of debris and the possibility of a methane gas leak inside the tunnel.

Several rescue personnel reportedly experienced dizziness, while some fainted during operations because of poor air quality, forcing authorities to adopt additional safety measures before continuing the rescue mission.

Special Rescue Teams Deployed

The rescue operation involves personnel from the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), State Disaster Response Force (SDRF), district police, and fire services. A specialized rescue team equipped with gas-proof protective equipment has also been brought from West Bengal to strengthen the operation.

Officials believe that the trapped workers include 21 employees of Patel Engineering and six workers associated with NHPC. Ambulances and medical teams remain stationed at the site to provide immediate treatment once survivors are rescued.

Tunnel Part of Major Hydropower Project

The collapsed tunnel was under construction for the Teesta Stage VI Hydroelectric Power Project, being executed by Patel Engineering.

Authorities said the immediate priority remains reaching the trapped workers safely despite hazardous conditions inside the tunnel, including confined spaces, poor visibility, unstable debris, and the suspected presence of methane gas.

Rescue teams continue to work around the clock as hopes remain that those still trapped can be evacuated safely.

India is set to enter a new era in commercial space exploration on Saturday as Hyderabad-based Skyroot Aerospace prepares to launch Vikram-1, the country's first privately developed orbital launch vehicle. The mission, named Mission Aagaman, is scheduled to lift off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, at 11:30 AM IST, marking a significant milestone for India's rapidly expanding private space sector.

Ahead of the launch, Prime Minister Narendra Modi described the mission as a "historic new frontier" for India's space programme, highlighting it as a symbol of the country's innovation-driven growth and entrepreneurial spirit. In a message shared on X, the Prime Minister congratulated the Skyroot Aerospace team and expressed confidence that Vikram-1 would inspire a new generation of innovators while demonstrating the success of India's space-sector reforms.

Mission Aagaman Opens a New Chapter

Mission Aagaman is Skyroot Aerospace's maiden orbital mission and the first attempt by an Indian private company to place a launch vehicle into orbit. If successful, Vikram-1 will become the country's first privately built orbital rocket to deploy payloads into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of 450 kilometres.

The mission comes six years after the Government of India opened the space sector to private participation in 2020, encouraging startups to build indigenous launch capabilities and helping the country target a significantly larger share of the global space economy.

Advanced Indigenous Rocket Technology

Vikram-1 has been developed using cutting-edge aerospace technologies. It is India's first orbital launch vehicle built almost entirely with an all-carbon composite structure, making it lighter, stronger and more fuel-efficient than conventional metallic rockets.

The four-stage launch vehicle combines three solid-fuel propulsion stages with an advanced Orbital Adjustment Module (OAM) that uses a fully 3D-printed liquid rocket engine—the first of its kind on an Indian orbital launcher. The rocket also features India's longest monolithic carbon-composite first stage, showcasing major advances in indigenous aerospace manufacturing.

Designed for rapid and on-demand satellite launches, Vikram-1 can carry payloads of up to 350 kilograms into Low Earth Orbit.

Commercial and Technology Payloads

Mission Aagaman is carrying several technology demonstration payloads developed by Indian space startups, including:

• Graha Space

• Cosmoserve Space

• DQube

• Skyroot Aerospace's in-house SCOPE payload

These payloads will help validate next-generation space technologies while collecting valuable mission data for future commercial launches.

A Golden Tribute to India's Scientific Icons

Beyond its technological significance, Vikram-1 also carries a symbolic payload celebrating India's scientific heritage.

A miniature 18-carat gold rocket, created by Cosmos Diamonds, has been included aboard the mission. The artwork features intricate micro-sculptures of three legendary Indian scientists:

• Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the father of India's space programme

• Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, renowned aerospace scientist and former President of India

• Sir C.V. Raman, Nobel Prize-winning physicist

The artistic payload, titled "Cosmic Bloom," blends science, engineering and national pride, making it one of the mission's most distinctive features.

PM Modi Hails India's Growing Space Ecosystem

Calling Vikram-1 a landmark achievement, Prime Minister Modi said the mission reflects the talent, determination and innovation of India's youth. He noted that reforms in the space sector are creating fresh opportunities for startups and private enterprises while strengthening India's position in the global space economy.

The Prime Minister also encouraged citizens, especially young people, to follow the launch and support the mission through the hashtag #IndiaWithVikram1.

Boost for India's Commercial Space Ambitions

Founded in 2018 by former ISRO scientists Pawan Kumar Chandana and Naga Bharath Daka, Skyroot Aerospace has emerged as one of India's leading private space startups. Following the successful launch of the Vikram-S suborbital rocket in 2022, the company is now attempting a full-fledged orbital mission.

A successful Vikram-1 launch would represent a major leap for India's private space industry, opening new opportunities in satellite launch services, attracting international customers and strengthening the country's ambition to become a global commercial launch hub.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagged off the train at Jind during his visit to Haryana, describing the project as a significant step towards cleaner and environmentally sustainable public transport. The hydrogen-powered train has been designed and developed using indigenous technology as part of the government's push to reduce carbon emissions and expand green mobility solutions across the railway network.

Unlike conventional diesel-powered trains, the new train generates electricity onboard through hydrogen fuel cells. The system combines hydrogen with oxygen to produce electrical energy, with water vapour and heat emerging as the only by-products of the process. The technology eliminates direct carbon emissions during operation and is considered a cleaner alternative for rail transport on non-electrified or partially electrified routes.

The train will operate on the 89-kilometre Jind-Sonipat route under Northern Railway. It has been introduced as a pilot project to evaluate the performance of hydrogen-powered rail transport under Indian operating conditions. Officials believe the experience gained from this service will help determine the future expansion of hydrogen-based railway technology in the country.

The train consists of two hydrogen-powered driving cars and eight passenger coaches. Together, the propulsion system generates around 2,400 kW of power, making it one of the world's most powerful hydrogen-powered passenger trainsets in its category. Indian Railways has also established a dedicated hydrogen production, storage and refuelling facility at Jind to support regular operations.

Multiple safety mechanisms have been incorporated into the train, including hydrogen leak detection, fire and smoke sensors, heat monitoring systems and automated safety controls. Railway officials have stated that the train underwent extensive testing before receiving approval for passenger operations.

The hydrogen train forms part of Indian Railways' broader strategy to adopt cleaner technologies while improving energy efficiency. With Indian Railways already having electrified most of its broad-gauge network, hydrogen-powered trains are expected to serve routes where conventional electrification may not be practical or economically viable.

Experts believe the project could open new opportunities for the adoption of alternative fuels in the transport sector. If the pilot proves successful, similar hydrogen-powered trains may be introduced on additional routes in the coming years as India continues to pursue its long-term sustainability and net-zero objectives.

Security agencies have launched an investigation after slogans supporting Khalistan and targeting Prime Minister Narendra Modi were found written inside a train coach at Ferozepur Cantonment railway station in Punjab, days before the Prime Minister's proposed visit to the state.

The incident came to light after a video purportedly showing the graffiti was circulated by Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, a designated terrorist and the leader of the banned separatist outfit Sikhs for Justice (SFJ). The authenticity of the video has not been independently verified by authorities.

According to officials, the slogans were allegedly written inside a sleeper coach of a Delhi-bound train, near the toilet area. Following the emergence of the video, security agencies began reviewing CCTV footage from the railway station and surrounding areas to identify those responsible.

Security Tightened Ahead of PM Visit

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is scheduled to visit Punjab between July 15 and July 17 for multiple official engagements. During the visit, he is expected to inaugurate the newly developed Jalandhar Cantonment railway station building and may also participate in the inauguration of four development projects in Chandigarh.

Given the upcoming visit, police and intelligence agencies have placed railway stations and other sensitive locations under heightened security. Investigators are examining surveillance footage and other evidence to establish when the slogans were written and who was involved.

Pannun Releases Video

In the video, Gurpatwant Singh Pannun referred to the legacy of human rights activist Jaswant Singh Khalra while making several provocative remarks and attempting to mobilise supporters. He also called upon individuals to gather during the Prime Minister's proposed visit to Punjab.

The statements made in the video contain separatist rhetoric and allegations that authorities are examining as part of the investigation. Officials have not commented on the content beyond confirming that the matter is under scrutiny.

Who Was Jaswant Singh Khalra?

Jaswant Singh Khalra was a human rights activist and a former director of the Amritsar Central Cooperative Bank. He became known during the 1990s for documenting cases involving unidentified bodies allegedly cremated during Punjab's militancy period.

His research and documentation brought national and international attention to alleged custodial disappearances and encounters. Khalra himself disappeared in 1995, and his case later became the subject of legal proceedings and public debate.

His life recently returned to public discussion after the release of the film Satluj, which was based on his work. The film was subsequently removed from streaming platforms and later banned.

SFJ Remains a Banned Organisation

Sikhs for Justice (SFJ), founded in 2007 by Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, advocates the creation of a separate Khalistan state through its "Referendum 2020" campaign.

The Government of India declared SFJ an unlawful organisation under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) in 2019, citing its alleged involvement in separatist activities and extremist propaganda. In July 2020, Pannun was designated an individual terrorist under the UAPA. Several websites and digital platforms associated with the organisation have also been blocked by Indian authorities.

Investigation Continues

Police officials said efforts are underway to identify those who allegedly entered the train and wrote the slogans. Investigators are analysing CCTV footage, gathering forensic evidence where possible and coordinating with intelligence agencies.

Authorities have not yet announced any arrests in the case. Security arrangements across Punjab, particularly at transportation hubs and venues linked to the Prime Minister's proposed visit, have been further strengthened as the investigation progresses.

Janaki breathed her last on Saturday while undergoing treatment at a hospital in Mysuru after suffering age-related health complications. Her family later confirmed the news, following which tributes poured in from political leaders, film personalities and music lovers across the country.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed grief over her demise, describing her passing as an "irreparable loss" to Indian music. In his condolence message, he said S. Janaki's timeless voice transcended languages and generations, leaving behind a musical legacy that would continue to inspire artists and audiences alike.

The Karnataka government announced that the legendary singer would be accorded full state honours during her final rites. Her mortal remains were kept for public homage at the Maharaja College Grounds in Mysuru before the funeral, allowing admirers from across the country to pay their last respects. The final rites are scheduled to take place later in the day with state honours.

Fondly known as the "Nightingale of South India," S. Janaki enjoyed one of the longest and most distinguished careers in Indian playback singing. She recorded thousands of songs across multiple Indian languages, including Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi, becoming a household name through her remarkable versatility and expressive singing style.

Her ability to effortlessly adapt to different musical genres and emotions made her the preferred voice for generations of leading actresses. From classical compositions and romantic melodies to devotional songs and folk music, Janaki's recordings became an integral part of Indian cinema's golden era.

The news of her passing triggered an outpouring of condolences from across the entertainment industry. Actors, filmmakers, composers and fellow singers remembered her as one of the greatest playback artists India has ever produced. Several public figures described her contribution to Indian music as irreplaceable, recalling how her songs became part of countless personal memories over the decades.

Her granddaughter, while announcing the news, remembered Janaki as a loving grandmother whose warmth and humility were cherished by the family, while acknowledging that the world knew her as an iconic singer whose voice became the soundtrack of millions of lives. The family also requested privacy during this difficult time.

Throughout her illustrious career, S. Janaki received numerous national and state honours for her extraordinary contribution to Indian music. Despite achieving legendary status, she remained known for her simplicity and dedication to her craft, qualities that earned her immense respect within the film and music fraternity.

Her songs continue to enjoy enduring popularity across generations, with many remaining staples on radio, television and digital streaming platforms. Music critics have often credited Janaki with redefining playback singing through her vocal range, flawless diction and emotional depth.

With her passing, Indian cinema has lost one of its most influential and beloved voices. Even as the nation bids farewell, S. Janaki's music is expected to live on through thousands of recordings that continue to resonate with audiences across linguistic and cultural boundaries.

President Droupadi Murmu conferred the Shaurya Chakra on 13 military and police personnel at Rashtrapati Bhavan, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi also present at the ceremony.

In a ceremony that drew attention to the quiet, often unheralded courage of India's security forces, President Droupadi Murmu on Monday presented the Shaurya Chakra to 13 soldiers and police officers at Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi. Prime Minister Narendra Modi was among those present.

The honours spanned branches — Army, Navy, and state police — and ranged from counterterrorism operations along the Line of Control to anti-Naxal engagements deep in Chhattisgarh's conflict zones.

Colonel Who Killed Three Terrorists Honoured

Among the most noted recipients was Lieutenant Colonel Nitesh Bharti Shukla of the Indian Army's 19th Battalion, Sikh Regiment, who was awarded the Shaurya Chakra for eliminating three terrorists along the LoC. The citation reflects the kind of direct combat engagement that rarely makes headlines but shapes the security calculus in the border hinterland.

Major Aditya Pratap Singh also received the award for showing exceptional bravery during a military operation in a border area of Arunachal Pradesh, while Major Anshul Baltu of the Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry and 32 Assam Rifles was recognised for his service and demonstrated valour in the field.

Navy's Long-Distance Sailors Recognised

In a departure from the predominantly land-based recognitions, Lieutenant Commander Dilna K and Lieutenant Commander Roopa A of the Indian Navy were awarded the Shaurya Chakra for their role in the Navika Sagar Parikrama-II expedition — a demanding circumnavigation mission that tested seamanship, determination, and endurance over an extended period. Their inclusion underlines a broadening definition of operational courage within the armed forces.

Chhattisgarh Anti-Naxal Officers in the List

Two police officers from Chhattisgarh — Inspector Laxman Kewat and Inspector Rameshwar Prasad Deshmukh — were also conferred the Shaurya Chakra for bravery during anti-Naxal operations in the state. Chhattisgarh has seen a significant intensification of counterinsurgency operations in recent years, with several high-value encounters drawing national attention. Recognising police officers at this level signals acknowledgment of the state-level forces that carry much of the operational load in left-wing extremism-affected districts.

A Posthumous Honour

The ceremony also carried a sombre note. Martyr Lance Dafadar Baldev Chand of 4 Rashtriya Rifles was posthumously awarded the Shaurya Chakra. President Murmu presented the honour to his wife and mother — a moment that encapsulated both the cost of service and the state's formal recognition of sacrifice.

A Cross-Service Ceremony

The Shaurya Chakra is India's third-highest peacetime gallantry award, given for acts of bravery, courageous action, or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield or in the face of the enemy. Monday's ceremony brought together recipients from diverse operational theatres — Jammu and Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, the open ocean, and the jungles of central India — in one room. That range, perhaps more than any individual citation, speaks to the breadth of active threat environments Indian forces currently operate within.

With PM Modi in attendance, the event also carried political weight, taking place against the backdrop of continued security operations in border regions and the government's stated commitment to zero tolerance on insurgency.