The revised textbook, titled Exploring Society: India and Beyond, had already drawn public attention in recent weeks following controversy over a chapter that referred to corruption in the judiciary. That section was subsequently withdrawn after objections were raised, and NCERT recalled both digital and printed copies before issuing the updated edition.

Among the most discussed changes in the new version is the revised description of the Indian National Congress's position on Partition in 1947. The chapter India’s Long Road to Independence now states that Partition was widely opposed by the Congress and that whether accepting Partition was the only available option remains a matter of historical debate.

The revised text no longer includes an earlier passage that suggested Congress leaders were compelled to accept Partition amid widespread communal violence in the subcontinent.

In the previous edition, the textbook had stated that although Mahatma Gandhi and most Congress leaders opposed Partition, they ultimately accepted it as the only viable solution. The updated version presents the issue with greater emphasis on ongoing historical discussions surrounding the circumstances that led to the decision.

Another notable addition is the inclusion of a reference to Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, commonly known as Veer Savarkar. The revised text mentions that Savarkar had advocated the idea of Swaraj in 1925, expanding the discussion on demands for complete independence during the freedom struggle.

The change comes as debates over the representation of historical personalities in school textbooks continue to attract attention from academics, political groups and education experts.

The revised edition has also altered content related to World War II and the activities of Subhas Chandra Bose. References to Adolf Hitler and Nazi ideology that appeared in the earlier version have been removed.

Previously, the textbook had explained that Bose sought support from Hitler while forming military efforts against British rule and described the German leader’s racist Nazi ideology and expansionist ambitions that contributed to World War II.

In the updated version, the discussion has been shortened. It now states that Bose sought support from forces opposed to British rule, without specifically mentioning Hitler or Nazi ideology.

The revisions come after NCERT faced scrutiny over content included in the earlier edition. Following concerns raised before the Supreme Court regarding the chapter on judicial corruption, the council apologised and withdrew copies of the textbook pending review and correction.

The newly released edition contains additional editorial changes as part of that review process.

There have also been modifications to the list of contributors associated with the textbook. While the earlier version carried the names of 51 contributors, the revised edition lists 48. Reports indicate that the names of Michel Danino, Suparna Diwakar and Alok Prasanna Kumar are no longer included among the contributors to the updated textbook.

The changes have reignited discussions about how Indian history is presented in school curricula, particularly on subjects such as Partition, the freedom movement and the role of historical figures. Education experts say textbook revisions often generate debate because they shape how future generations understand major national events.

NCERT has not indicated whether further revisions are planned, but the latest update reflects the continuing effort to align school textbooks with the framework being implemented under the National Education Policy.

In a stirring appeal at an RSS event in Mumbai on February 9, 2026, RSS Chief Mohan Bhagwat advocated for Bharat Ratna for Savarkar, India's highest civilian award. "If Swatantra Veer Savarkar is awarded the Bharat Ratna, the prestige of the honour will only increase," Bhagwat stated, emphasizing Savarkar's enduring influence on millions. This call reignites debates on national honors amid ongoing political tensions between ideological groups like RSS and opposition parties.

As India grapples with cultural identity in a polarized era, Bhagwat's push for Bharat Ratna for Savarkar underscores Hindutva's role in modern discourse. With elections looming and heritage discussions heating up, this timely demand prompts reflection on who deserves recognition for shaping the nation.

 Who Was Veer Savarkar?

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (1883–1966), known as Veer Savarkar, was a pivotal freedom fighter from Maharashtra. Born into a Chitpavan Brahmin family, he championed armed resistance against British rule, enduring harsh imprisonment in the Andaman Cellular Jail.

Savarkar later led the Hindu Mahasabha and coined "Hindutva," envisioning India as a Hindu nation. A prolific writer, he authored books like Hindutva: Who Is a Hindu? His legacy divides opinions: admirers praise his nationalism, while critics, including Congress leaders, decry his mercy petitions and ideology.

Historian Vikram Sampath notes Savarkar's non-vegetarian habits and pragmatic views on cow protection, seeing it as a cultural symbol rather than sacred. Savarkar clashed with Gandhi on non-violence, citing the Bhagavad Gita to justify force in duty.

Savarkar's Ties to RSS: Fact vs. Myth

Contrary to popular belief, Veer Savarkar wasn't an RSS member or founder. The RSS, established in 1925 by K.B. Hedgewar, drew indirect inspiration from Savarkar's 1923 book on Hindutva. His brother Ganesh was an early associate, but tensions arose under M.S. Golwalkar.

Sampath highlights Savarkar's quip mocking RSS workers' lives as routine-bound. Despite differences, Bhagwat's endorsement bridges this gap, signaling RSS's evolving narrative on nationalist icons.

Controversies in Bharat Ratna History

The Bharat Ratna for Savarkar isn't the first debated award. Past recipients sparked outcry:

- K. Kamaraj (1976): Posthumous honor criticized as election ploy.

- M.G. Ramachandran (1988): Accused of vote-bank politics.

- B.R. Ambedkar (1990): Seen as Dalit outreach.

- Subhas Chandra Bose (1992): Family rejection over unconfirmed death.

- Sachin Tendulkar (2013): Timing questioned amid his Rajya Sabha role.

These cases show awards often fuel political storms, as with potential Bharat Ratna for Savarkar.

 Bharat Ratna Criteria: Who Decides?

Instituted in 1954, the Bharat Ratna recognizes exceptional service in any field. Eligibility is open to all, with no formal nominations needed. The Prime Minister recommends to the President, limited to three annually.

Recipients get a certificate, medallion, and perks like state guest status, diplomatic passport, free Air India executive travel, and 7A precedence ranking.

Bhagwat quipped he'd urge committee members if possible, but decisions rest with top leadership.

Why This Matters Now: Takeaways for Readers

In 2026's cultural climate, Mohan Bhagwat's call for Bharat Ratna for Savarkar amplifies Hindutva debates. It challenges readers to assess historical figures beyond partisanship. Expert Sampath urges nuanced views: "Savarkar's ideas shaped India, but context is key."

Practical takeaway: Engage in civic discourse—read Savarkar's works, attend heritage events, or petition leaders on awards. As India evolves, such honors reflect our collective memory. Will Savarkar join the ranks? The debate continues, enriching national dialogue.