Dhaka Pays Last Tribute to Khaleda Zia

Bangladesh today witnessed an emotional farewell to its first woman Prime Minister and Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) chief, Begum Khaleda Zia, who passed away on Tuesday at the age of 80. Her mortal remains were laid to rest beside her husband, former President Ziaur Rahman, at the National Parliament Complex in Dhaka’s Manik Mia Avenue.

The day began with thousands of supporters, party loyalists, and political dignitaries gathering in the capital to pay their final respects. Amid tight security arrangements, the national flag flew at half-mast on all government buildings as the nation observed the first of three days of state mourning.

Jaishankar Represents India at State Funeral

Representing India, External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar arrived in Dhaka on Wednesday morning to attend the funeral. He handed over a condolence message from Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Khaleda Zia’s son and BNP acting chairman Tarique Rahman, expressing India’s solidarity with the people of Bangladesh in their time of loss.

While addressing Bangladeshi media, Jaishankar said, “Khaleda Zia’s leadership, courage, and her contribution to Bangladesh’s democracy will be remembered for generations. Her vision and values will continue to guide regional cooperation and development.”

Apart from India, senior officials from Pakistan, Nepal, and Bhutan also attended the state funeral, highlighting Zia’s stature as a key political figure in South Asian politics.

A Nation in Mourning

Thousands of mourners poured onto Manik Mia Avenue, turning the funeral into a moment of unity amid political divides. The funeral prayers (janaza) were led by the Khatib of Baitul Mukarram National Mosque, while BNP Standing Committee member Nazrul Islam Khan oversaw the proceedings.

Dignitaries including Chief Adviser Professor Muhammad Yunus, Bangladesh’s Chief Justice Zubayer Rahman Chowdhury, and senior officials of the interim government were also in attendance.
Many supporters, carrying flowers and banners with her image, chanted slogans of grief and remembrance as the funeral convoy made its way from Evercare Hospital to the Parliament Complex.

Political Legacy and Contributions

Khaleda Zia served as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh twice—from 1991 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2006—leaving behind a significant legacy in governance and economic reforms. She led the country’s transition to a parliamentary democracy after years of military rule and worked to strengthen the identity of Bangladesh as an independent nation.

During her tenure, she introduced major economic reforms, including trade liberalization, tax reforms, and efforts to expand women’s participation in the workforce. Despite years of political controversies and health struggles, Khaleda Zia remained a symbol of resilience in Bangladeshi politics.

Final Rest Beside Her Husband

As per family wishes, Khaleda Zia was buried beside her husband Ziaur Rahman, a national hero and founder of the BNP. Her final journey from Gulshan to Manik Mia Avenue drew an outpouring of emotions across the country.

With her passing, Bangladesh bids farewell to one of its most influential and polarizing leaders, marking the end of an era in the nation’s political history.

Khaleda Zia, Bangladesh's First Female Prime Minister, Dies at 80

Khaleda Zia, the three-time former prime minister of Bangladesh and the nation's first woman to hold the office, died Tuesday morning at a hospital in Dhaka. She was 80. Her passing marks the end of a defining era in the country's turbulent politics and occurs just weeks before pivotal national elections.

The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), which Zia led for decades, announced her death, stating she passed away at 6 a.m. local time at Evercare Hospital after a prolonged illness. The government has declared three days of state mourning, and her funeral is scheduled for Wednesday. She will be buried beside her husband, former President Ziaur Rahman.

A Nation Mourns a Divisive Icon

The announcement plunged the nation into mourning, with thousands gathering outside the hospital and at her residence in Dhaka. The government's chief advisor, Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, called Zia a "symbol of the democratic movement" and said the "nation has lost a great guardian". Condolences poured in from global leaders, including Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Pakistan's Shehbaz Sharif.

Zia had been in fragile health for years, suffering from liver cirrhosis, arthritis, diabetes, and heart and kidney complications. She was admitted to the hospital in late November with a lung infection and was later placed on ventilator support.

From "Shy Housewife" to "Uncompromising Leader"

Zia's political life was forged from personal tragedy. Born in 1945 (or 1946 according to some sources) in Dinajpur, she was a reserved homemaker married to army officer Ziaur Rahman. Following his assassination in 1981, party leaders urged the grieving widow to step into the leadership vacuum of the BNP, which he had founded.

Despite being initially dismissed as a novice, she rose to become a formidable force against the military dictatorship of Hussain Muhammad Ershad in the 1980s. Her steadfast refusal to participate in what she deemed illegitimate elections and her willingness to endure repeated arrests earned her the reputation as Bangladesh's "uncompromising leader".

The "Battle of the Begums" That Shaped a Nation

Zia's legacy is inextricably linked with that of her archrival, Sheikh Hasina of the Awami League. Their fierce, decades-long political feud was dubbed the "Battle of the Begums," a title for powerful women that came to define Bangladesh's polarized politics.

A Complicated Alliance and Rivalry: The two women initially collaborated to oust military ruler Ershad in 1990. However, their alliance shattered when Zia defeated Hasina in the landmark 1991 election, becoming prime minister with support from Islamist parties like Jamaat-e-Islami.

A Cycle of Vengeance: Their rivalry became intensely personal, fueled by the bloody history of their families—Hasina's father, the nation's founding leader, was assassinated in 1975; Zia's husband was assassinated in 1981. For the next two decades, they alternated in power, with their governments routinely jailing or prosecuting the other on corruption charges.

The Final Chapters: Hasina's long rule from 2009-2024 saw Zia imprisoned in 2018 on graft charges her party called politically motivated. In a dramatic reversal, Hasina was ousted in a 2024 uprising and is now in exile, while Zia was acquitted and freed.

A Mixed Legacy and an Uncertain Future

Zia leaves behind a contested record. Supporters hail her as a democrat who made primary education free and compulsory and championed women's empowerment. Critics point to her government's failure to curb rising Islamist militancy in the early 2000s and the paralyzing political strikes she endorsed.

Her death closes the personal chapter of the "Battle of the Begums," but the political struggle continues. All eyes are now on the February 12 general election. Zia's son, Tarique Rahman, who returned from exile days before her death, is expected to formally lead the BNP into the contest.

The election will be the first major test of whether the BNP can translate the national outpouring of grief for its matriarch into political victory in a post-begum era.