Supreme Court Takes Suo Motu Cognizance, Stays Its Own Order on Aravalli Hills Definition

Supreme Court Revisits Aravalli Hills Definition, Stays Its Own Order

The long‑standing dispute over the Aravalli Hills took a fresh turn as the Supreme Court of India on December 29, 2025, halted the implementation of its earlier order that had redefined the range’s boundaries.

The apex court decided to take suo motu cognizance of potential consequences arising from its November 20, 2025 ruling, which had fixed specific parameters for identifying the Aravalli range.

A new bench comprising Chief Justice Surya Kant, Justice J.K. Maheshwari, and Justice A.G. Masih reviewed the matter, emphasizing the ecological sensitivity of the region spread across Rajasthan, Haryana, and Delhi NCR.

Court Questions Previous Parameters and Raises Environmental Concerns

During the hearing, Solicitor General Tushar Mehta represented the government. The bench questioned whether the previous definition—classifying only hills above 100 meters in height and within 500 meters of each other as part of the Aravallis—could lead to exclusion of critical ecosystems from protection.

The Chief Justice asked whether such a narrow interpretation could allow areas vulnerable to illegal mining to fall outside the conservation corridor. “If the distance between two ridges is 700 meters but both are vital to the landscape, can we simply say they are not part of Aravalli?” questioned the bench.

Expert Committee to Be Formed

Acknowledging these ecological and legal complexities, the Supreme Court announced the formation of an expert committee comprising specialists from environmental science, geology, and policy fields. This body will reassess the contours and criteria that define the Aravalli range.

The bench clarified that until the committee submits its report, the November 2025 definition will remain stayed, and no new guidelines will be implemented. The next hearing is scheduled for January 21, 2026, where fresh recommendations will be discussed before framing a uniform interpretation.

Mining and Environmental Impact Under Scrutiny

Recent reports highlight the persistent issue of illegal mining across Aravalli regions. Between 2018 and 2025, over 71,000 illegal mining cases were registered in Rajasthan alone, with more than 4,000 FIRs from Aravalli districts. These figures underline ongoing challenges despite existing restrictions.

The court’s latest intervention rekindles the debate over balancing development and conservation in one of India’s oldest mountain ranges. The government has also stated that while new mining leases remain suspended, all active ones must strictly adhere to environmental norms until further direction from the court.

What Lies Ahead

The Supreme Court’s decision brings momentary relief for environmental advocates while setting a precedent for nuanced judicial review. The upcoming hearing in January 2026 will likely shape the future of mining regulations and eco‑protection measures across Aravalli states.

As the matter stands, the Aravalli Hills remain at the center of India’s sustainability conversation—reflecting the delicate balance between industrial progress and natural preservation.