The Supreme Court on Tuesday indicated that it may order an independent investigation into allegations of police excesses during the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) protest over the alleged NEET paper leak, observing that democratic protests are legitimate but any unlawful acts by either protesters or authorities must be held accountable.

A Bench headed by Chief Justice of India Surya Kant, along with Justice Joymalya Bagchi and Justice V. Mohan, was hearing a batch of petitions alleging excessive use of force by police during the July 20 demonstration in the national capital.

CJI Questions Need for Independent Investigation

During the hearing, the Chief Justice noted that the allegations placed before the court disclosed a prima facie case warranting further examination.

Questioning whether an impartial inquiry was required, the Bench remarked, "Why should there not be an independent probe into these allegations?"

The petitions allege that protesters, including students, women, advocates and media personnel, were subjected to excessive police force during the march, resulting in serious injuries.

Court Stresses Accountability for All Sides

The Bench observed that protests are an essential part of a democratic society and cannot, by themselves, justify the use of excessive force.

At the same time, the court emphasised that anyone who violated the law during the demonstrations—including protesters or officials—must face legal consequences.

The judges noted that once an appropriate legal framework is established, every individual responsible for violence or excesses should be held accountable.

High-Powered Committee Under Consideration

The Supreme Court indicated that it is considering the constitution of a high-powered committee to investigate incidents of violence not only in Delhi but also in other states where similar allegations have emerged.

The proposed panel may also examine broader issues relating to crowd management and policing during public demonstrations.

Uniform Protest Protocol Suggested

During the proceedings, the Bench highlighted the need for a nationwide protocol governing public protests and police crowd-control measures.

The court observed that demonstrations across the country have evolved significantly in recent years and existing procedures may require revision to balance public order with constitutional rights.

At the same time, the Bench acknowledged that law enforcement agencies often face difficult situations where peaceful protests may be infiltrated by violent elements, complicating crowd-control operations.

The judges said all stakeholders, including governments, police authorities and petitioners, should assist the court in developing a balanced framework.

Families of Injured Police Personnel Move Supreme Court

In a related development, the families of four Delhi Police personnel injured during the July 20 violence have also approached the Supreme Court.

The application has been filed on behalf of ACP Kailash Singh Bisht, ASI Sandeep, Constable Dheeraj and ASI Hemendar Rathi, who were injured while performing law-and-order duties during the protest.

The petition seeks directions to ensure that police personnel deployed during public demonstrations receive adequate protection of their right to life and personal liberty.

It also requests the court to frame comprehensive guidelines for safeguarding both male and female police personnel while handling protests and to ensure accountability for those allegedly responsible for attacks on law enforcement officials.

Case Expands Beyond Police Action

The latest application broadens the scope of the ongoing proceedings, which initially focused on allegations of police excesses against protesters.

The Supreme Court is now examining issues relating to the rights, responsibilities and safety of both demonstrators and police personnel, while also considering broader institutional reforms for managing public protests across the country.

The matter is expected to come up for further hearing as the court considers the framework for an independent inquiry and nationwide guidelines.