According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dengue infects 100–400 million people globally each year, causing approximately 21,000 deaths. In India, the National Center for Vector Borne Disease Control (NCVBDC) reported 233,519 cases and 297 deaths in 2024.
Healthcare experts stress that early detection and preventive measures are key to controlling dengue. Dr. S.G. Harish from Sparsh Hospital, Bengaluru, emphasizes that awareness about symptoms and timely precautions can protect families from this life-threatening disease.
What is Dengue Fever?
Dengue is a viral infection caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which spreads through the bite of an infected female Aedes aegypti mosquito. These mosquitoes are most active during the day, particularly in the morning and evening.
How Does Dengue Spread?
When an Aedes mosquito bites a person already infected with dengue, the virus enters the mosquito’s body. Later, if the same mosquito bites another healthy individual, the infection spreads.
There are four strains of dengue virus: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. Immunity develops after infection with one strain, but subsequent infections with another strain increase the risk of severe dengue or Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF).
Why Dengue Risk Rises During Monsoon
During monsoon, water stagnates in coolers, flowerpots, water tanks, old tires, and rooftops, providing an ideal breeding environment for Aedes mosquitoes.
How to Identify Dengue Mosquitoes
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are recognizable by black and white stripes on their body and legs. They are small, fast-moving, and generally remain near the ground.
Common Symptoms of Dengue
Symptoms usually appear 4–10 days after infection and vary depending on immunity and severity. Common signs include:
- High fever (104°F or more)
- Severe headache
- Pain behind the eyes
- Joint and muscle pain
- Skin rash
- Nausea and vomiting
Ignoring these symptoms can lead to severe complications, including organ failure.
Dengue Treatment: What You Need to Know
There is no specific antiviral medicine for dengue. Treatment focuses on symptom management and hydration. Doctors recommend:
- Drinking plenty of fluids like ORS, coconut water, juices, soups
- Taking complete rest
- Regular CBC tests to monitor platelet count
In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for IV fluids, electrolyte balance, and platelet transfusion.
How to Prevent Dengue Infection
Prevention is the best defense against dengue. Key steps include:
- Avoid stagnant water around your home
- Clean coolers, planters, and water containers regularly
- Wear full-sleeve clothing during the day
- Use mosquito nets and repellents
- Install window screens to block mosquitoes
Dengue Testing Methods
To confirm dengue, doctors recommend:
- NS1 Antigen Test: Detectable within the first 5 days of fever
- IgM & IgG Antibody Test: After 5 days for immune response analysis
- CBC Test: Monitors platelet levels and severity
Does Dengue Spread From Person to Person?
No. Dengue does not spread through touch, air, or physical contact. It only spreads via infected mosquito bites.
Platelet Count and Dengue
Normal platelet count: 150,000–450,000 per microliter of blood. Not all dengue cases lead to low platelets, but monitoring is crucial for timely treatment.
Boost Immunity to Fight Dengue
A strong immune system reduces the risk of complications. Include:
- Vitamin C-rich fruits: Amla, oranges, lemon, kiwi, papaya
- Herbs and spices: Garlic, ginger, turmeric
- Probiotics: Yogurt, buttermilk
- Protein and micronutrients: Lentils, sprouts, nuts, seeds
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